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The influence of host ecology and biogeography on the helminth species richness of freshwater fishes in Mexico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 July 2012

L. GARRIDO-OLVERA ,
H. T. ARITA  and
G. PÉREZ-PONCE DE LEÓN
L. GARRIDO-OLVERA
Affiliation:
Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-275, C. P. 04510, Distrito Federal, México
H. T. ARITA
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Ex-Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, C. P. 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, México
G. PÉREZ-PONCE DE LEÓN*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-153, C. P. 04510, Distrito Federal, México
*
*Corresponding author: Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-153, C. P. 04510, Distrito Federal, México. Tel: +56229131. Fax: +55500164. E-mail: ppdleon@ibunam2.ibiologia.unam.mx
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Summary

Freshwater fish helminths, the most well known Mexican vertebrate parasites, include approximately 260 species (platyhelminthes, acanthocephalans, nematodes, and hirudineans). The distribution patterns of adult helminth diversity (throughout parasite and host groups and hydrological regions) are described and the effects of host traits and environmental and geographical factors on diversity are evaluated. Adult helminths include 160 species, parasitizing 149 fish species of 23 families distributed in 21 regions. Nematoda was the most species-rich (>50 species). Cichlidae harboured rich helminth assemblages, with widespread parasites. By contrast, Atherinopsidae and Goodeidae showed relatively poor helminth assemblages, including specific parasites with narrow distribution. Helminth richness in southeastern Mexico was higher than northern or central regions. Non-parametric richness estimators were used to avoid confusion in comparisons with unequal sampling efforts. Bootstrap values, the method with the best performance, indicated that estimated richness shows the same distribution pattern that observed richness. Non-phylogenetic and phylogenetic analyses were used to determine the role of different factors in the parasite diversification. The distribution range was the most important richness predictor (widespread fishes harbour richer parasite assemblages), although interactions between this variable and others such as trophic level, latitude, habitat temperature and precipitation are also important. Likewise, biogeographical factors can also affect parasite diversity.

Keywords

geographical rangeparasitesdiversityindependent contrastsNearctic regionNeotropical regionhydrological regionsOsteichthyes
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 139 , Issue 12 , October 2012 , pp. 1652 - 1665
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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