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Leishmania donovani is the only cause of visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa; previous descriptions of L. infantum and “L. archibaldi” from this region are a consequence of convergent evolution in the isoenzyme data

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 September 2004

M. B. JAMJOOM ,
R. W. ASHFORD ,
P. A. BATES ,
M. L. CHANCE ,
S. J. KEMP ,
P. C. WATTS  and
H. A. NOYES
M. B. JAMJOOM
Affiliation:
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK Current address: King Abdulaziz University, Department of Medical Parasitology, P.O. Box 80205, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
R. W. ASHFORD
Affiliation:
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
P. A. BATES
Affiliation:
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
M. L. CHANCE
Affiliation:
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
S. J. KEMP
Affiliation:
Animal Genomics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
P. C. WATTS
Affiliation:
Animal Genomics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
H. A. NOYES
Affiliation:
Animal Genomics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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Abstract

Isoenzyme-based studies have identified 3 taxa/species/‘phylogenetic complexes’ as agents of visceral leishmaniasis in Sudan: L. donovani, L. infantum and “L. archibaldi”. However, these observations remain controversial. A new chitinase gene phylogeny was constructed in which stocks of all 3 putative species isolated in Sudan formed a monophyletic clade. In order to construct a more robust classification of the L. donovani complex, a panel of 16 microsatellite markers was used to describe 39 stocks of these 3 species. All “L. donovani complex” stocks from Sudan were again found to form a single monophyletic clade. L. donovani ss stocks from India and Kenya were found to form 2 region-specific clades. The partial sequence of the glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) gene of 17 L. donovani complex stocks was obtained. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the GOT gene appeared to underlie the isoenzyme classification. It was concluded that isoenzyme-based identification is unsafe for stocks isolated in L. donovani endemic areas and identified as L. infantum. It was also concluded that the name L. archibaldi is invalid and that only a single visceralizing species, Leishmania donovani, is found in East Africa.

Keywords

aspartate aminotransferasemicrosatellitesMLEEkala azarEthiopiachagasi
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 129 , Issue 4 , October 2004 , pp. 399 - 409
Copyright
2004 Cambridge University Press

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