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Non-coding RNAs in epithelial immunity to Cryptosporidium infection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 May 2014

RUI ZHOU ,
YAOYU FENG  and
XIAN-MING CHEN
RUI ZHOU*
Affiliation:
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430071, China
YAOYU FENG
Affiliation:
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
XIAN-MING CHEN*
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
*
* Corresponding authors: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Hubei 430071, China. E-mail: ruizhou@whu.edu.cn; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA. E-mail: xianmingchen@creighton.edu
* Corresponding authors: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Hubei 430071, China. E-mail: ruizhou@whu.edu.cn; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA. E-mail: xianmingchen@creighton.edu
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Summary

Cryptosporidium spp. is a protozoan parasite that infects the gastrointestinal epithelium and causes diarrhoeal disease worldwide. It is one of the most common pathogens responsible for moderate to severe diarrhoea in children younger than 2 years. Because of the ‘minimally invasive’ nature of Cryptosporidium infection, mucosal epithelial cells are critical to the host's anti-Cryptosporidium immunity. Gastrointestinal epithelial cells not only provide the first and most rapid defence against Cryptosporidium infection, they also mobilize immune effector cells to the infection site to activate adaptive immunity. Recent advances in genomic research have revealed the existence of a large number of non-protein-coding RNA transcripts, so called non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), in mammalian cells. Some ncRNAs may be key regulators for diverse biological functions, including innate immune responses. Specifically, ncRNAs may modulate epithelial immune responses at every step of the innate immune network following Cryptosporidium infection, including production of antimicrobial molecules, expression of cytokines/chemokines, release of epithelial cell-derived exosomes, and feedback regulation of immune homoeostasis. This review briefly summarizes the current science on ncRNA regulation of innate immunity to Cryptosporidium, with a focus on microRNA-associated epithelial immune responses.

Keywords

CryptosporidiumncRNAsmiRNAslincRNAsepithelial cellsimmunity
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 141 , Issue 10 , September 2014 , pp. 1233 - 1243
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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