Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T13:21:48.092Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Observations on the ability of repeated, light exposures to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae to induce resistance to reinfection in Kenyan baboons (Papio anubis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

R. F. Sturrock ,
B. J. Cottrell  and
R. Kimani
R. F. Sturrock
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Helminthology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street (Gower Street), London WC1E 7HT
B. J. Cottrell
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Helminthology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street (Gower Street), London WC1E 7HT
R. Kimani
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Helminthology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street (Gower Street), London WC1E 7HT
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Using groups of 4 baboons (Papio anubis), 21·0% of a trickle exposure of 480 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae/baboon (10/week for 48 weeks) were recovered as adult worms (Group A) compared with 72·6% from a single massive exposure of 2500 cercariae/baboon (Group C). Group B, exposed first to the trickle and then to the massive exposure simultaneously with Groups A and C, yielded a worm recovery of 54% which was slightly but significantly less than Group C. The trickle infection apparently induced a substantial resistance to light re-exposure, but only a partial, although significant, resistance to a massive re-exposure. In Group B, however, there was a marked reduction in the degree of gross pathology, despite high tissue egg production by the mature challenge worms. The parasitological results, in terms of resistance to reinfection by and development of pathology to a trickle infection, are not materially different from those obtained in studies using conventional heavy primary and challenge exposures with S. mansoni. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the epidemiology of human schistosomiasis mansoni in which heavy exposures are believed to be the exception rather than the rule.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 88 , Issue 3 , June 1984 , pp. 505 - 514
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Cheever, A. W. & Duvall, R. H. (1974). Single and repeated infections of grivet monkeys with Schistosoma mansoni: parasitological and pathological observations over a 31-month period. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 23, 884–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheever, A. W. & Powers, K. G. (1969). Schistosoma mansoni infection in rhesus monkeys: changes in egg production and egg distribution in prolonged infections in intact and splenectomised monkeys. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 63, 83–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Damian, R. T., Greene, N. D. & Fitzgerald, K. (1974). Schistosomiasis mansoni in baboons. II. Acquisition of immunity to challenge infections after repeated small exposures to cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 23, 78–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Damian, R. T., Greene, N. D., Meyer, K. F., Cheever, A. W., Hubbard, W. J., Hawes, E. & Clarke, J. D. (1976). Schistosoma mansoni in baboons. III. The course and characteristics of infection with additional observations on immunity. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 25, 299–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foster, R. (1967). Schistosomiasis on an irrigated estate in Tanzania. II. Epidemiology. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 65, 367–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, R. & Broomfield, K. E. (1971). Preliminary studies on the development of Schistosoma mansoni in Rhesus monkeys following different regimens of infection. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 65, 367–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meisenhelder, J. E. & Thompson, P. E. (1963). Comparative observations on experimental Schistosoma mansoni infections in African green and rhesus monkeys. Journal of Parasitology 49, 567–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ritchie, L. S., Knight, W. B., Olivier-Gonzalez, J., Frick, L. P., Morris, J. M. & Crocker, W. L. (1967). Schistosoma mansoni infections of Cercopithecus sabeus monkeys. Journal of Parasitology 53, 1217–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, D. H., Warren, K. S. & Mahmoud, A. A. F. (1979). Morbidity in Schistosomiasis mansoni in relation to intensity of infection: study of a community in Kisumi, Kenya. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 28, 220–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smithers, S. R. & Terry, R. J. (1965). Naturally acquired resistance to experimental infections of Schistosoma mansoni in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Parasitology 55, 701–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snedecor, G. W. & Cochran, W. G. (1967). Statistical Methods, pp. 593. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Sturrock, R. F., Butterworth, A. E. & Houba, V. (1976). Schistosoma mansoni in the baboon (Papio anubis): parasitological responses of Kenyan baboons to different exposures of a local parasite strain. Parasitology 73, 239–52.Google ScholarPubMed
Sturrock, R. F., Butterworth, A. E., Houba, V., Karamsadkar, S. D. & Kimani, R. (1978). Schistosoma mansoni in the Kenyan baboon (Papio anubis): the development and predictability of resistance to homologous challenge. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 7, 251–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sturrock, R. F., Kimani, R., Joseph, M., Butterworth, A. E., David, J. R., Capron, A. & Houba, V. (1981). Heat-labile and heat-stable antibodies in Kenyan schoolchildren infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 75, 219–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, M. G., Nelson, G. S., Smith, M. & Andrews, B. J. (1973). Studies on heterologous immunity in schistosomiasis. 7. Observations on the development of acquired homologous and heterologous immunity in baboons. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 49, 57–65.Google ScholarPubMed
Warren, K. S. (1973 a). Regulation of the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis in man: Immunology or ecology? Journal of Infections Diseases 127, 595–609.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warren, K. S. (1973 b). The pathology of schistosome infections. Helminthological Abstracts (Series A) 42, 591–633.Google Scholar
Warren, K. S. (1982). Selective Primary Health Care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. I. Schistosomiasis. Reviews of Infections Diseases 4, 715–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Webbe, G., Sturrock, R. F., James, E. R. & James, C. (1982). Schistosoma haematobium in the baboon (Papio anubis): effect of vaccination with irradiated larvae on the subsequent infection with percutaneously applied cercariae. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76, 354–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Who Memorandum (1974). Immunology of Schistosomiasis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 51, 553–95.Google Scholar