Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T14:56:22.722Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Plasmodium knowlesi and human malaria parasites in Khan Phu, Vietnam: Gametocyte production in humans and frequent co-infection of mosquitoes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2016

Y. MAENO ,
R. CULLETON ,
N. T. QUANG ,
S. KAWAI ,
R. P. MARCHAND  and
S. NAKAZAWA
Y. MAENO*
Affiliation:
Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
R. CULLETON
Affiliation:
Malaria Unit, Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
N. T. QUANG
Affiliation:
Khanh Phu Malaria Research Unit, Medical Committee Netherlands-Viet Nam, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa Province, Viet Nam
S. KAWAI
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
R. P. MARCHAND
Affiliation:
Khanh Phu Malaria Research Unit, Medical Committee Netherlands-Viet Nam, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa Province, Viet Nam
S. NAKAZAWA
Affiliation:
Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan. E-mail: ymaeno@fujita-hu.ac.jp
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Four species of malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium knowlesi infect humans living in the Khanh Phu commune, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. The latter species also infects wild macaque monkeys in this region. In order to understand the transmission dynamics of the three species, we attempted to detect gametocytes of the three species in the blood of infected individuals, and sporozoites in the salivary glands of mosquitoes from the same region. For the detection of gametocyte-specific mRNA, we targeted region 3 of pfg377, pvs25, pmg and pks25 as indicators of the presence of P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. knowlesi gametocytes, respectively. Gametocyte-specific mRNA was present in 37, 61, 0 and 47% of people infected with P. falciparum (n = 95), P. vivax (n = 69), P. malariae (n = 6) or P. knowlesi (n = 32), respectively. We found that 70% of mosquitoes that had P. knowlesi in their salivary glands also carried human malaria parasites, suggesting that mosquitoes are infected with P. knowlesi from human infections.

Keywords

malariagametocytesPlasmodium knowlesipfg377pvs25pks25dried blood spothumanmosquito
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 144 , Issue 4 , April 2017 , pp. 527 - 535
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Assefa, S., Lim, C., Preston, M. D., Duffy, C. W., Nair, M. B., Adroub, S. A., Kadir, K. A., Goldberg, J. M., Neafsey, D. E., Divis, P., Clark, T. G., Duraisingh, M. T., Conway, D. J., Pain, A. and Singh, B. (2015). Population genomic structure and adaptation in the zoonotic malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, 13027–13032.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chin, W., Contacos, P. G., Collins, W. E., Jeter, M. H. and Alpert, E. (1968). Experimental mosquito-transmission of Plasmodium knowlesi to man and monkey. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 17, 355–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox-Singh, J. and Singh, B. (2008). Knowlesi malaria: newly emergent and of public health importance? Trends in Parasitology 24, 406–410.Google Scholar
Divis, P. C. S., Singh, B., Anderios, F., Hisam, S., Matusop, A., Kocken, C. H., Assefa, S. A., Duffy, C. W. and Conway, D. J. (2015). Admixture in humans of two divergent Plasmodium knowlesi populations associated with different macaque host species. PLoS Pathogens 11, e1004888.Google Scholar
Grigg, M. J., William, T., Menon, J., Dhanaraj, P., Barber, B. E., Wilkes, C. S., von Seidlein, L., Rajahram, G. S., Pasay, C., McCarthy, J. S., Price, R. N., Anstey, N. M. and Yeo, T. W. (2016). Artesunate-mefloquine versus chloroquine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in Malaysia (ACT KNOW): an open-label, randomized controlled trial. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases 16, 180–188.Google Scholar
Kawai, S., Hirai, M., Haruki, K., Tanabe, K. and Chigusa, Y. (2009). Cross-reactivity in rapid diagnostic tests between human malaria and zoonotic simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi infections. Parasitology International 58, 300–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuamsab, N., Putaporntip, C., Pattanawaong, U. and Joungwuiwes, S. (2012). Simultaneous detection of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in clinical isolated by multiplex-nested RT-PCR. Malaria Journal 11, 190.Google Scholar
Lee, K. S., Cox-Singh, J. and Singh, B. (2009). Morphological features and differential counts of Plasmodium knowlesi parasites in naturally acquired human infections. Malaria Journal 8, 73.Google Scholar
Lee, K. S., Divis, P. C., Zakaria, S. K., Matusop, A., Julin, R. A., Conway, D. J., Cox-Singh, J. and Singh, B. (2011). Plasmodium knowlesi: reservoir hosts and tracking the emergence in humans and macaques. PLoS Pathogens 7, e1002015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maeno, Y., Nakazawa, S., Nagashima, S., Sasaki, J., Higo, K. M. and Taniguchi, K. (2003). Utility of the dried blood on filter paper as a source of cytokine mRNA for the analysis of immunoreactions in Plasmodium yoelii infection. Acta Tropica 87, 295–300.Google Scholar
Maeno, Y., Nakazawa, S., Dao, L. D., Yamamoto, N., Giang, N. D., Hanh, T. V., Thuan, L. K. and Taniguchi, K. (2008). A dried blood sample on filter paper is suitable for detecting Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Acta Tropica 107, 121–127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maeno, Y., Quang, N. T., Culleton, R., Kawai, S., Masuda, G., Nakazawa, S. and Marchand, R. P. (2015). Humans frequently exposed to a range of non-human primate malaria parasite species through the bites of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in South-central Vietnam. Parasites & Vectors 8, 376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marchand, R. P., Culleton, R., Maeno, Y., Nguyen, T. Q. and Nakazawa, S. (2011). Co-infections involving Plasmodium knowlesi, P. falciparum and P. vivax are common among malaria infected humans and Anopheles dirus in Khanh Phu, Vietnam. Emerging Infectious Diseases 17, 1232–1239.Google Scholar
Mckenzie, F. E., Wongsrichanalai, C., Magill, A. J., Forney, J. R., Permpanich, B., Lucas, C., Erhart, L. M., O'Meara, W. P., Smith, D. L., Sirichaisinthop, J. and Gasser, R. A. Jr. (2006). Gametocytemia in Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infections. The Journal of Parasitology 92, 1281–1285.Google Scholar
Menegon, M., Severini, C., Sannella, A., Paglia, M. G., Sangare, D., Abdel-Wahab, A., Abdel-Muhsin, A. A., Babiker, H., Walliker, D. and Alano, P. (2000). Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 111, 153–161.Google Scholar
Nakazawa, S., Marchand, R. P., Quang, N. T., Culleton, R., Manh, N. D. and Maeno, Y. (2009). Anopheles dirus co-infection with human and monkey malaria parasites in Vietnam. International Journal for Parasitology 39, 1533–1537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, B., Bobogare, A., Cox-Singh, J., Snounou, G., Abdullah, M. S. and Rahman, H. A. (1999). A genus- and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction malaria detection assay for epidemiologic studies. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 60, 687–692.Google Scholar
Singh, B., Kim Sung, L., Matusop, A., Radhakrishnan, A., Shamsul, S. S., Cox-Singh, J., Thomas, A. and Conway, D. J. (2004). A large focus of naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi infections in human beings. Lancet 363, 1017–1024.Google Scholar
Ta, T. T., Salas, A., Ali-Tammam, M., Martínez Mdel, C., Lanza, M., Arroyo, E., and Rubio, J. M. (2010). First case of detection of Plasmodium knowlesi in Spain by real time PCR in a traveler from Southeast Asia. Malaria Journal 9, 219.Google Scholar
Vythilingam, I., NoorAzian, Y. M., Huat, T. C., Jiram, A. I., Yusri, Y. M., Azahari, A. H., NorParina, I., Noorrain, A. and Lokmanhakim, S. (2008). Plasmodium knowlesi in humans, macaques and mosquitoes in peninsular Malaysia. Parasites & Vectors 1, 26.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Maeno supplementary material

Figure S1 and Table S1

Download Maeno supplementary material(File)
File 124.7 KB