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Positive density-dependent growth supports costs sharing hypothesis and population density sensing in a manipulative parasite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2017

MIKHAIL GOPKO Open the ORCID record for MIKHAIL GOPKO [Opens in a new window] ,
VICTOR N. MIKHEEV  and
JOUNI TASKINEN
MIKHAIL GOPKO*
Affiliation:
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
VICTOR N. MIKHEEV
Affiliation:
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
JOUNI TASKINEN
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YAC-315.2), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
*
*Corresponding author: Laboratory for Behaviour of Lower Vertebrates, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, 33 Leninskij prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia. E-mail: gopkomv@gmail.com
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Summary

Parasites manipulate their hosts’ phenotype to increase their own fitness. Like any evolutionary adaptation, parasitic manipulations should be costly. Though it is difficult to measure costs of the manipulation directly, they can be evaluated using an indirect approach. For instance, theory suggests that as the parasite infrapopulation grows, the investment of individual parasites in host manipulation decreases, because of cost sharing. Another assumption is that in environments where manipulation does not pay off for the parasite, it can decrease its investment in the manipulation to save resources. We experimentally infected rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with the immature larvae of the trematode Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, to test these assumptions. Immature D. pseudospathaceum metacercariae are known for their ability to manipulate the behaviour of their host enhancing its anti-predator defenses to avoid concomitant predation. We found that the growth rate of individual parasites in rainbow trout increased with the infrapopulation size (positive density-dependence) suggesting cost sharing. Moreover, parasites adjusted their growth to the intensity of infection within the eye lens where they were localized suggesting population density sensing. Results of this study support the hypothesis that macroparasites can adjust their growth rate and manipulation investment according to cost sharing level and infrapopulation size.

Keywords

parasitic manipulationhost–parasite interactionsmanipulation costscost sharingpositive density-dependencepopulation density sensinginfrapopulation sizeimmature parasites
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 144 , Issue 11 , September 2017 , pp. 1511 - 1518
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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