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Protein trafficking in Plasmodium falciparum-infected red cells and impact of the expansion of exported protein families

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 July 2014

SURENDRA K. PRAJAPATI ,
RICHARD CULLETON  and
OM P. SINGH
SURENDRA K. PRAJAPATI*
Affiliation:
Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
RICHARD CULLETON
Affiliation:
Malaria Unit, Institute for Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
OM P. SINGH
Affiliation:
Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
*
*Corresponding author: Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India. E-mail: surendramrc@gmail.com
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Summary

Erythrocytes are extensively remodelled by the malaria parasite following invasion of the cell. Plasmodium falciparum encodes numerous virulence-associated and host-cell remodelling proteins that are trafficked to the cytoplasm, the cell membrane and the surface of the infected erythrocyte. The export of soluble proteins relies on a sequence directing entry into the secretory pathways in addition to an export signal. The export signal consisting of five amino acids is termed the Plasmodium export element (PEXEL) or the vacuole transport signal (VTS). Genome mining studies have revealed that PEXEL/VTS carrying protein families have expanded dramatically in P. falciparum compared with other malaria parasite species, possibly due to lineage-specific expansion linked to the unique requirements of P. falciparum for host-cell remodelling. The functional characterization of such genes and gene families may reveal potential drug targets that could inhibit protein trafficking in infected erythrocytes. This review highlights some of the recent advances and key knowledge gaps in protein trafficking pathways in P. falciparum-infected red cells and speculates on the impact of exported gene families in the trafficking pathway.

Keywords

Plasmodium falciparumerythrocyte remodellingprotein traffickingexported proteinsgene family expansion
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 141 , Issue 12 , October 2014 , pp. 1533 - 1543
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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