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Response of Neobenedenia girellae (Monogenea) oncomiracidia to brightness and black-and-white contrast

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2007

M. ISHIDA ,
F. KAWANO ,
N. UMEDA  and
N. HIRAZAWA
M. ISHIDA
Affiliation:
Marine Biological Technology Center, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd, Saeki, Oita 876-1204, Japan
F. KAWANO
Affiliation:
Marine Biological Technology Center, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd, Saeki, Oita 876-1204, Japan
N. UMEDA
Affiliation:
Marine Biological Technology Center, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd, Saeki, Oita 876-1204, Japan
N. HIRAZAWA*
Affiliation:
Central Research Laboratories, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd, 559-6 Kitanomachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0906, Japan
*
*Corresponding author: Central Research Laboratories, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd, 559-6 Kitanomachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0906, Japan. Tel: +81 426 56 5195. Fax: +81-426 56 5188. E-mail: n-hiraza@nissui.co.jp
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Summary

Neobenedenia girellae, a capsalid monogenean, is a significant pathogen due to both its ability to cause high mortality in fishes and its low host specificity. Established control methods have both advantages and disadvantages. Biological control measures with no unfavourable effects on the environment should be incorporated into the control strategy. The response of N. girellae oncomiracidia to brightness and black-and-white contrast was investigated to search for an alternative approach of disease prevention or control. Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Paralichthyidae), were exposed to oncomiracidia in an aquarium divided into areas of different brightness (∼1·3, 41·3 and 138·0 lux). The number of parasites on the fish group reared in 138·0 lux was significantly higher than on those reared in the lower brightness levels. Thus, the fish tended to be more vulnerable to infection by N. girellae under brighter conditions. Challenge trials using host fish mucus and whole live fish were established to detect the response by oncomiracidia to black-and-white contrast on a white versus a black background. Markedly more N. girellae oncomiracidia attached to black-painted areas and dark-coloured fish (normal spotted halibut, Verasper variegatus (Pleuronectidae) compared with white-painted areas and light-coloured fish (mal-coloured V. variegatus) on a white-coloured background. On a black-coloured background, more N. girellae oncomiracidia tended to attach to white-painted areas and light-coloured fish. Thus, black-and-white contrast is considered important for host finding by N. girellae oncomiracidia. The simplicity of the positive phototactic behaviour and the response to black-and-white contrast may lead to the development of a simple, practical and inexpensive method to control N. girellae outbreaks.

Keywords

Neobenedenia girellaeoncomiracidiumphototaxisblack-and-white contrast
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 134 , Issue 12 , November 2007 , pp. 1823 - 1830
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

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