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Stable infection of primates with Trypanosoma cruzi I and II

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 July 2006

C. V. LISBOA ,
R. H. MANGIA ,
S. L. B. LUZ ,
A. KLUCZKOVSKI ,
L. F. FERREIRA ,
C. T. RIBEIRO ,
O. FERNANDES  and
A. M. JANSEN
C. V. LISBOA
Affiliation:
Department of Protozoology, Laboratory of Biology of Tripanosomatid, Institute Oswaldo Cruz – IOC/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Zip Code 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
R. H. MANGIA
Affiliation:
Department of Tropical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Infeccion Diseases, Institute Oswaldo Cruz – IOC/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Zip Code 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
S. L. B. LUZ
Affiliation:
Center of Research Leônidas & Maria Deane, Laboratory of Biodiversity, FIOCRUZ/AMAZONIA, Rua Teresina 476, Zip Code 69057-070, Manaus, Brazil
A. KLUCZKOVSKI
Affiliation:
Agency of Amazon Forest – AAF, Rua Recife 3280, Zip Code 69056-071, Manaus, Brazil
L. F. FERREIRA
Affiliation:
Department of Cartographic Engineering, Laboratory of Cartography, Institute Military of Engineering – IME, Praça General Tiburcio 80/DE-6, CEP: 22290-270, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
C. T. RIBEIRO
Affiliation:
Wild Animals Screening Center – CETAS, Road 465, Km 3,5, Zip Code 23890-000, Itaguaí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
O. FERNANDES
Affiliation:
Department of Tropical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Infeccion Diseases, Institute Oswaldo Cruz – IOC/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Zip Code 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
A. M. JANSEN
Affiliation:
Department of Protozoology, Laboratory of Biology of Tripanosomatid, Institute Oswaldo Cruz – IOC/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Zip Code 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract

In order to better comprehend the putative association between genotype Trypanosoma cruzi II and primates, an evaluation of the infection in free ranging primates and specimens born in captivity from different geographical areas, the Amazon and the Atlantic forest, was carried out. Seroprevalences of the T. cruzi infection among the primates was similar in both biomes (45·5% and 46%). The parasites were isolated from 8 and 4 different species of primates, respectively from the Amazon and Atlantic forest. Multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) typed the isolates from Amazon as zymodeme 1. Mini-exon gene analysis characterized all these isolates as T. cruzi I, the main genotype circulating in the region. In the Atlantic forest, primates infected with TCI and TCII, as well as a mixed infection (TCI and TCII), were detected. These findings prove that primates may maintain stable infections by both genotypes. Moreover, data show that T. cruzi can occur in a wide range of primate genera, independent of their social behaviour, niches or habitats. Considering the high seroprevalence and stability of T. cruzi infection among the primates, these animals play an important role in the maintenance of the parasite in nature.

Keywords

Trypanosoma cruzineotropical primatestransmission cycleAmazon rainforestAtlantic rainforestmini-exon gene analysis
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 133 , Issue 5 , November 2006 , pp. 603 - 611
Copyright
2006 Cambridge University Press

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