Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T12:16:06.993Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Theilerial parasites isolated from carrier cattle after immunization with Theileria parva by the infection and treatment method

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

A. C. Maritim ,
A. S. Young ,
A. C. Lesan ,
S. G. Ndungu ,
J. J. Mutugi  and
D. A. Stagg
A. C. Maritim
Affiliation:
Protozoology Division, National Veterinary Research Centre, Muguga, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 32, Kikuyu, Kenya
A. S. Young
Affiliation:
Protozoology Division, National Veterinary Research Centre, Muguga, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 32, Kikuyu, Kenya
A. C. Lesan
Affiliation:
Protozoology Division, National Veterinary Research Centre, Muguga, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 32, Kikuyu, Kenya
S. G. Ndungu
Affiliation:
Protozoology Division, National Veterinary Research Centre, Muguga, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 32, Kikuyu, Kenya
J. J. Mutugi
Affiliation:
Protozoology Division, National Veterinary Research Centre, Muguga, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 32, Kikuyu, Kenya
D. A. Stagg
Affiliation:
Protozoology Division, National Veterinary Research Centre, Muguga, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 32, Kikuyu, Kenya
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Groups of cattle were immunized with 10−2 dilutions of sporozoite stabilates of Theileria parva lawrencei derived from African buffaloes either alone or in combination with Theileria parva parva derived from cattle and concomitant treatment with either long or short-acting formulations of oxytetracyline. At 90 or 120 days after infection, uninfected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus nymphal ticks were applied to individual immunized cattle and the resultant adults ticks were applied to individual susceptible cattle. Theilerial infection developed from ticks fed on 6 out of 11 animals investigated for evidence of a carrier state. Two additional animals were shown by cell-culture isolation to have persistent theilerial infections. Nine cattle infected with the parasites from carrier animals were treated with parvaquone and 7 recovered. These recovered cattle were then challenged with the original immunizing stabilates at 10° dilution together with the original immunized and carrier cattle. Six out of 7 cattle which had recovered from carrier-derived infection succumbed to this challenge and died but none of the original immunized cattle showed theilerial reactions. When a carrier-derived sporozoite stabilate was used to challenge cattle immune to the original immunizing parasite, they proved to be immune. Cattle immune to the carrier-derived parasites were all immune to challenge with the original parasite. A monoclonal antibody profile aginst T. parva schizonts isolated by cell culture from samples of the experimental animals did not appear to be sensitive enough to determine the antigenic differences between the carrier-derived parasite and the original immunizing parasite. Indications are that the carrier state is not likely to produce new antigenic strains which would be dangerous to immunized cattle.

Keywords

Theileria parvaRhipicephalus appendiculatuscarrier parasiteantigenic differences.
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 99 , Issue 1 , August 1989 , pp. 139 - 147
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bailey, K. P., (1960). Notes on the rearing of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and their infection with Theileria parva for experimental transmission. Bulletin of Epizootic Diseases of Africa 8, 33–43.Google Scholar
Barnett, S. F.. & Brocklesby, D. W., (1966). Recent Investigations into Theileridae of cattle and buffalo in Africa. A mild form of East Coast fever (Theileria parva) with persistence of infection. British Veterinary Journal 122, 361–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brocklesby, D. W.. & Bailey, K. P., (1965). The immunization of cattle against East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection) using tetracyclines. A review of the literature and a reappraisal of the method. Bulletin of Epizootic Diseases of Africa 13, 161–8.Google Scholar
Brocklesby, D. W., Barnett, S. F.. & Scott, G R., (1961). Morbidity and mortality rates in East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection) and their application to drug screening procedures. British Veterinary Journal 117, 529–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, c. G. D., (1979). Propagation of Theileria. In Practical Tissue Culture Application, (ed. Moramorosch, K., & Hurumi, C.), pp. 223–54. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Burridge, M. J., & Kimber, C. D., (1972). The indirect fluorescent antibody test for experimental East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection of cattle): evaluation of a cell culture schizont antigen. Research in Veterinary Science 13, 451–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conrad, P. A., Stagg, D. A., Grootenhuis, J. G., Irvin, A. D., Newson, J., Njamunggeh, R. E. G., Rossiter, P. B., & Young, A. s., (1987). Isolation of Theileria parasites from African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and characterization with antischizont monoclonal antibodies. Parasitology 94, 413–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dolan, T. T., (1986 a). Chemotherapy of East Coast fever. The long-term weight changes, carrier state and disease manifestation of parvaquone treated cattle. Journal of Comparative Pathology 96, 137–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dolan, T. T., (1986 b). Chemotherapy of East Coast fever. Treatment of infections induced by isolates of Theileria parva with halofuginone. Ada tropica 43, 165–73.Google ScholarPubMed
Dolan, T. T., Linyonyi, A., Mbogo, S. K., & Young, A. S., (1984). A comparison of long-acting oxytetracycline and parvaquone for immunization against East Coast fever by infection and treatment. Research in Veterinary Science 37, 175–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dolan, T. T., Linyonyi, A., Mchardy, N., Bond, A. L., & Clampitt, R. B., (1988). Chemotherapy of East Coast fever: parvaquone treatment of Theileria parva parva at intervals after infection. Research in Veterinary Science 44, 15–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grootenhuis, J. G., Young, A. S., Morzaria, S. P., Stagg, D. A., & Leitch, B. L., (1986). Experimental infections of African buffalo and cattle with cloned Theileria parva lawrencei. In Parasitology — Quo Vadit Handbook, (ed. Howell, H. J.,), p. 143. Canberra: Australian Academy of Science.Google Scholar
Irvin, A. D., & Boarer, c. D. H., (1980). Some implicationsof a sexual cycle in Theileria. Parasitology 80, 571–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irvin, A. D., Dobbelaere, D. A. E., Mwamachi, D. N., Minami, T., Spooner, P. R., & Ocama, J. G. R., (1983). Immunization against East Coast fever; correlation between monoclonal antibody profiles of Theileria parva stocks and cross-immunity in vivo. Research in veterinary science 35, 341–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Irvin, A. D., Purnell, R. E., Brown, C. G. D., Cunningham, M. P., Ledger, M. A., & Payne, R. C., (1974). The application of an indirect method of infecting ticks with piroplasms for use in the isolation of field infections. British Veterinary Journal 130, 280–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kearney, J. F., Radbruch, A., Liesegang, B., & Rajewsky, K., (1979). A new mouse myeloma cell line that has lost immunoglobulin expression but permits the construction of antibody secreting hybrid cell lines. Journal of Immunology 123, 1548–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kohler, G., Howe, S. C., & Milstein, C., (1976). Fusion between immunoglobulin-secreting and non-secreting myeloma cell lines. European Journal of Immunology 6, 292–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehlhorn, H., & Schein, E., (1984). The piroplasms: life cycle and sexual stages. Advances in Parasitology 23, 37–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Minami, T., Spooner, P. R., Irvin, A. D., Ocama, J. G. R., Dobbelaere, D. A. E., & Fujinaga, T., (1983). Characterization of stocks of Theileria parva by monoclonal antibody profiles. Reseach in Veterinary Science 35, 334–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mutugi, J. J., Young, A. S., Maritim, A. C., Ndungu, S. G., Stagg, D. A., Grootenhuis, J. G., & Leitch, B. L., (1988). Immunization of cattle against Theileriosis using varying doses of Theileria parva lawrencei and Theileria p. parva sporozoites and oxytetracycline treatments. International Journal for Parasitology 18, 453–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newson, J., Naessens, J., Stagg, D. A., & Black, S. J., (1986). A cell surface antigen associated with Theileria parva lawrencei-infected bovine lymphoid cell. Parasite Immunology 8, 149–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neitz, W. O., (1953). Aureomycin in Theileria parva lawrencei infection. Nature, London 171, 34–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, T. W., Pinder, M., Roelants, G. E., Kar, S. K., Lundin, L. B., Mayor-Withey, K. A., & Hewett, R. S., (1980). Methods for derivation and detection of antiparasite monoclonal antibodies. Journal of Immunological Methods 34, 141–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinder, M., & Hewett, R. s., (1980). Monoclonal antibodies detect antigenic diversity in Theileria parva parasites. Journal of Immunology 124, 1000–1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radley, D. E., Young, A. S., Grootenhuis, J. G., Cunningham, M. P., Dolan, T. T., & Morzaria, S. P., (1979). Further studies on immunization of cattle against Theileria lawrencei by infection and chemoprophylaxis. Veterinary Parasitology 5, 117–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stagg, D. A., Young, A. S., Leitch, B. L., Grootenhuis, J. G., & Dolan, T. T., (1983). Infection of mammalian cells with Theileria species. Parasitology 86, 243–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, A. s., (1981). The epidemiology of theileriosis in East Africa. In Advances in the Control of Theileriosis, (ed. Irvin, A. D., Cunningham, M. P., and Young, A. S.,), pp. 38–55. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, A. S., Brown, C. G. D., Burridge, M. J., Cunningham, M. P., Payne, R. C., & Purnell, R. E., (1977 a). Establishment of an experimental field population of Theileria lawrencei-infected ticks maintained by African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Journal of Parasitology 63, 903–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, A. S., & Grootenhuis, J. G., (1985). Influence of wildlife on immunization of cattle against theileriosis in East Africa. In Immunization against Theileriosis in Africa (ed. Irvin, A. D.,), pp. 104–9. Nairobi: ILRAD.Google Scholar
Young, A. S., Grootenhuis, J. G., Kimber, C. D., Kanhai, G. K., & Stagg, D. A., (1977 b). Isolation of a Theileria species from Eland (Taurotragi oryx) infection for cattle. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 27, 185–94.Google Scholar
Young, A. S., & Leitch, B. L., (1982). Epidemiology Of East Coast fever: some effects of temperature on the development of Theileria parva in the tick vector, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Parasitology 83, 199–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar