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Timing of sub-lethal insecticide exposure determines parasite establishment success in an insect-helminth model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 October 2019

Suraj Dhakal Open the ORCID record for Suraj Dhakal [Opens in a new window] ,
Nicolai Vitt Meyling ,
Kathrine Eggers Pedersen ,
Nina Cedergreen  and
Brian Lund Fredensborg
Suraj Dhakal*
Affiliation:
Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
Nicolai Vitt Meyling
Affiliation:
Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
Kathrine Eggers Pedersen
Affiliation:
Section for Environmental Chemistry and Physics, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871Frederiksberg C, Denmark
Nina Cedergreen
Affiliation:
Section for Environmental Chemistry and Physics, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871Frederiksberg C, Denmark
Brian Lund Fredensborg
Affiliation:
Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
*
Author for correspondence: Suraj Dhakal, E-mail: sura@plen.ku.dk
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Abstract

Environmental toxicants are pervasive in nature, but sub-lethal effects on non-target organisms and their parasites are often overlooked. Particularly, studies on terrestrial hosts and their parasites exposed to agricultural toxicants are lacking. Here, we studied the effect of sequence and timing of sub-lethal exposures of the pyrethroid insecticide alpha-cypermethrin on parasite establishment using the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta and its intermediate insect host Tenebrio molitor as a model system. We exposed T. molitor to alpha-cypermethrin (LD20) before and after experimental H. diminuta infection and measured the establishment success of larval tapeworms. Also, we conducted in vitro studies quantifying the direct effect of the insecticide on parasite viability. Our results showed that there was no direct lethal effect of alpha-cypermethrin on H. diminuta cysticercoids at relevant concentrations (LD10 to LD90 of the intermediate host). However, we observed a significantly increased establishment of H. diminuta in beetles exposed to alpha-cypermethrin (LD20) after parasite infection. In contrast, parasite establishment was significantly lower in beetles exposed to the insecticide before parasite infection. Thus, our results indicate that environmental toxicants potentially impact host-parasite interactions in terrestrial systems, but that the outcome is context-dependent by enhancing or reducing parasite establishment depending on timing and sequence of exposure.

Keywords

Exposure timinginsecticidemultiple stressorsparasitesub-lethal effects
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 147 , Issue 1 , January 2020 , pp. 120 - 125
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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