Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T08:29:34.923Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Towards the comprehension of fasciolosis (re-)emergence: an integrative overview

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

Annia Alba Open the ORCID record for Annia Alba [Opens in a new window] ,
Antonio A. Vazquez  and
Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
Annia Alba*
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical ‘Pedro Kourí’, Havana, Cuba
Antonio A. Vazquez
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical ‘Pedro Kourí’, Havana, Cuba MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
Affiliation:
MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
*
Author for correspondence: Annia Alba, E-mail: annia.alba@gmail.com; anniaalba@infomed.sld.cu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The increasing distribution and prevalence of fasciolosis in both human and livestock are concerning. Here, we examine the various types of factors influencing fasciolosis transmission and burden and the interrelations that may exist between them. We present the arsenal of molecules, ‘adjusting’ capabilities and parasitic strategies of Fasciola to infect. Such features define the high adaptability of Fasciola species for parasitism that facilitate their transmission. We discuss current environmental perturbations (increase of livestock and land use, climate change, introduction of alien species and biodiversity loss) in relation to fasciolosis dynamics. As Fasciola infection is directly and ultimately linked to livestock management, living conditions and cultural habits, which are also changing under the pressure of globalization and climate change, the social component of transmission is also discussed. Lastly, we examine the implication of increasing scientific and political awareness in highlighting the current circulation of fasciolosis and boosting epidemiological surveys and novel diagnostic techniques. From a joint perspective, it becomes clear that factors weight differently at each place and moment, depending on the biological, environmental, social and political interrelating contexts. Therefore, the analyses of a disease as complex as fasciolosis should be as integrative as possible to dissect the realities featuring each epidemiological scenario. Such a comprehensive appraisal is presented in this review and constitutes its main asset to serve as a fresh integrative understanding of fasciolosis.

Keywords

Climate changeenvironmental degradationFasciolahuman activitieslivestock productionneglected tropical diseasesparasite biologypovertywater and food security
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 148 , Issue 4 , April 2021 , pp. 385 - 407
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrous, M, Rondelaud, D, Dreyfuss, G and Cabaret, J (1998) Unusual transmission of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, by Lymnaea glabra or Planorbis leucostoma in France. Journal of Parasitology 84, 1257–1259.10.2307/3284683CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adelman, JS and Hawley, DM (2017) Tolerance of infection: a role for animal behavior, potential immune mechanisms, and consequences for parasite transmission. Hormones and Behaviour 88, 79–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Afshan, K, Fortes-Lima, CA, Artigas, P, Valero, AM, Qayyum, M and Mas-Coma, S (2014) Impact of climate change and man-made irrigation systems on the transmission risk, long-term trend and seasonality of human and animal fascioliasis in Pakistan. Geospatial Health 8, 317–334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aghayan, S, Gevorgian, H, Ebi, D, Atoyan, H, Addy, F, Mackenstedt, U, Romig, T and Wassermann, M (2019) Fasciola spp. in Armenia: genetic diversity in a global context. Veterinary Parasitology 268, 21–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alba, A, Hernández, H, Marcet, R, Vázquez, AA, Figueredo, M, Sánchez, J, Otero, O and Sarracent, J (2015 a) A novel double monoclonal antibody based-immunoenzymatic assay for epidemiological surveillance of the vector snails of Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda: Digenea). International Journal for Parasitology 45, 113–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alba, A, Vázquez, AA, Hernández, H, Sánchez, J, Marcet, R, Figueredo, M, Sarracent, J and Fraga, J (2015 b) A multiplex PCR for the detection of Fasciola hepatica in the intermediate snail host Galba cubensis. Veterinary Parasitology 211, 195–200.10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.05.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alba, A, Vázquez, AA, Sánchez, J, Fraga, J, Martínez, E, Hernández, H, Marcet, R, Figueredo, M and Sarracent, J (2016) Assessment of the FasciMol-ELISA in the detection of the trematode Fasciola hepatica in field-collected Galba cubensis: a novel tool for the malacological survey of fasciolosis transmission. Parasites & Vectors 9, 22.10.1186/s13071-016-1303-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alba, A, Vázquez, AA, Sánchez, J, Duval, D, Hernández, H, Sabourin, E, Vittecoq, M, Hurtrez-Boussés, S and Gourbal, B (2018) Fasciola hepatica–Pseudosuccinea columella interaction: effect of increasing parasite doses, successive exposures and geographic origin on the infection outcome of naturally-resistant and susceptible snails from Cuba. Parasites & Vectors 11, 559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alba, A, Vázquez, AA, Sánchez, J, Lounnas, M, Pointier, JP, Hurtrez-Boussès, S and Gourbal, B (2019) Patterns of distribution, population genetics and ecological requirements of field-occurring resistant and susceptible Pseudosuccinea columella snails to Fasciola hepatica in Cuba. Scientific Reports 9, 14359.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alba, A, Duval, D, Sánchez, J, Pérez, AB, Pinaud, S, Galinier, R, Vázquez, AA and Gourbal, B (2020) The immunobiological interplay between Pseudosuccinea columella resistant/susceptible snails with Fasciola hepatica: hemocytes in the spotlight. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 102, 103485.10.1016/j.dci.2019.103485CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alda, P, Lounnas, M, Vázquez, AA, Ayaqui, R, Calvopiña, M, Celi-Erazo, M, Dillon, RTJ, González Ramírez, LC, Loker, ES, Muzzio-Aroca, J, Nárvaez, AO, Noya, O, Pereira, AE, Martini Robles, L, Rodríguez-Hidalgo, R, Uribe, N, David, P, Jarne, P, Pointier, JP and Hurtrez-Boussès, S (2020) Systematics and geographical distribution of Galba species, a group of cryptic and worldwide freshwater snails. Molecular Phylogenetics Evolution. 107035. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107035.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amor, N, Farjallah, S, Merella, P, Alagaili, AN and Mohammed, OB (2020) Multilocus approach reveals discordant molecular markers and corridors for gene flow between North African populations of Fasciola hepatica. Veterinary Parasitology 278, 109035.10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109035CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andrews, SJ (1999) The life cycle of Fasciola hepatica. In Dalton, JP (ed.), Fasciolosis. Oxon, UK: CAB International, pp. 1–30.Google Scholar
Arenal, A, García, Y, Quesada, L, Velázquez, D, Sánchez, D, Peña, M, Suárez, A, Díaz, A, Sánchez, Y, Casaert, S, van Dijk, J, Vercruysse, J and Charlier, J (2018) Risk factors for the presence of Fasciola hepatica antibodies in bulk-milk samples and their association with milk production decreases, in Cuban dairy cattle. BMC Veterinary Research 14, 336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ashrafi, K and Mas-Coma, S (2014) Fasciola gigantica transmission in the zoonotic fascioliasis endemic lowlands of Guilan, Iran: experimental assessment. Veterinary Parasitology 205, 96–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ashrafi, K, Valero, MA, Peixoto, RV, Artigas, P, Panova, M and Mas-Coma, S (2015) Distribution of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica in the endemic area of Guilan, Iran: relationships between zonal overlap and phenotypic traits. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 31, 95–109.10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.009CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badawy, A, Abouzaid, N and Merwad, A (2014) Occurrence of zoonotic fascioliasis in donkeys in Egypt with emphasis on PCR-RFLP of 28S rRNA gene. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 165, 167–171.Google Scholar
Beesley, NJ, Williams, DJ, Paterson, S and Hodgkinson, J (2017) Fasciola hepatica demonstrates high levels of genetic diversity, a lack of population structure and high gene flow: possible implications for drug resistance. International Journal for Parasitology 47, 11–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beesley, NJ, Caminade, C, Charlier, J, Flynn, RJ, Hodgkinson, JE, Martinez-Moreno, A, Martinez-Valladares, M, Perez, J, Rinaldi, L and Williams, DJL (2018) Fasciola and fasciolosis in ruminants in Europe: identifying research needs. Transboundary Emerging Diseases 65, 199–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Behm, CA and Sangster, NC (1999) Pathology, pathophysiology and clinical aspects. In Dalton, JP (ed.), Fasciolosis. Oxon, UK: CAB International, pp. 185–224.Google Scholar
Bennema, SC, Ducheyne, E, Vercruysse, J, Claerebout, E, Hendrickx, G and Charlier, J (2011) Relative importance of management, meteorological and environmental factors in the spatial distribution of Fasciola hepatica in dairy cattle in a temperate climate zone. International Journal for Parasitology 41, 225–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloemhoff, Y, Danaher, M, Forbes, A, Morgan, E, Mulcahy, G, Power, C and Sayers, R (2014) Parasite control practices on pasture-based dairy farms in the Republic of Ireland. Veterinary Parasitology 204, 352–363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosco, A, Rinaldi, L, Musella, V, Amadesi, A and Cringoli, G (2015) Outbreak of acute fasciolosis in sheep farms in a Mediterranean area arising as a possible consequence of climate change. Geospatial Health 9, 319–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bossaert, K, Jacquinet, E, Saunders, J, Farnir, F and Losson, B (2000) Cell-mediated immune response in calves to single-dose, trickle, and challenge infections with Fasciola hepatica. Veterinary Parasitology 88, 17–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bozorgomid, A, Rouhani, S, Harandi, M, Ichikawa-Seki, M and Raeghi, S (2020) Genetic diversity and distribution of Fasciola hepatica haplotypes in Iran: molecular and phylogenetic studies. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies Reports 19, 100359.Google ScholarPubMed
Branco, EA, Ruas, R, Nuak, J and Sarmento, A (2020) Treatment failure after multiple courses of triclabendazole in a Portuguese patient with fascioliasis. BMJ Case Reports 13, e232299.10.1136/bcr-2019-232299CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabada, MM and White, ACJ (2012) New developments in epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of fascioliasis. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 25, 518–522.10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283567b7eCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cabada, MM, Lopez, M, Cruz, M, Delgado, JR, Hill, V and White, ACJ (2016) Treatment failure after multiple courses of triclabendazole among patients with fascioliasis in Cusco, Peru: a case series. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10, e0004361.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cabada, MM, Morales, ML, Webb, CM, Yang, L, Bravenec, CA, Lopez, M, Bascope, R, White, AC and Gotuzzo, E (2018) Socioeconomic factors associated with Fasciola hepatica infection among children from 26 communities of the Cusco region of Peru. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 99, 1180–1185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cafrune, MM, Rebuffi, GE, Cabrera, RH and Aguirre, DH (1996 a) Fasciola hepatica en llamas (Lama glama) de la Puna Argentina. Revista Veterinaria Argentina 13, 570–574.Google Scholar
Cafrune, MM, Rebuffi, GE, Gaido, AB and Aguirre, DH (1996 b) Fasciola hepatica in semi-captive vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) in north west Argentina. Veterinary Record 139, 97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calvani, NED, Ichikawa-Seki, M, Bush, RD, Khounsy, S and Šlapeta, J (2020) Which species is in the faeces at a time of global livestock movements: single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays for the differentiation of Fasciola spp. International Journal for Parasitology 50, 91–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caminade, C, van Dijk, J, Baylis, M and Williams, D (2015) Modelling recent and future climatic suitability for fasciolosis in Europe. Geospatial Health 9, 301–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Capucchio, MT, Catalano, D, Di Marco, V, Russo, M, Aronica, V, Tomaselli, A, Lazzara, A, Amedeo, S, Scaglione, FE, Dore, B and Guarda, F (2009) Natural trematode infestation in feral Nebrodi black pigs: pathological investigations. Veterinary Parasitology 159, 37–42.10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cardinale, BJ, Duffy, JE, Gonzalez, A, Hooper, DU, Perrings, C, Venail, P, Narwani, A, Mace, GM, Tilman, D, Wardle, DA, Kinzig, AP, Daily, GC, Loreau, M, Grace, JB, Larigauderie, A, Srivastava, DS and Naeem, S (2012) Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity. Nature 486, 59–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cats, A, Scholten, P, Meuwissen, SG and Kuipers, EJ (2000) Acute Fasciola hepatica infection attributed to chewing khat. Gut 47, 584–585.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chand, MA, Herman, JS, Partridge, DG, Hewitt, K and Chiodini, PL (2009) Imported human fascioliasis, United Kingdom. Emerging Infectious Diseases 15, 1876–1877.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chandenier, J, Bastard, JP, Merioua, A, Combes, J and Thiebault, C (1989) Première épidémie de distomatose à Fasciola hepatica dans le département de la Somme. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 20, 145–147.10.1016/S0399-077X(89)80271-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charlier, J, De Cat, A, Forbes, A and Vercruysse, J (2009) Measurement of antibodies to gastrointestinal nematodes and liver fluke in meat juice of beef cattle and associations with carcass parameters. Veterinary Parasitology 166, 235–240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charlier, J, Vercruysse, J, Morgan, E, van Dijk, J and Williams, DJ (2014) Recent advances in the diagnosis, impact on production and prediction of Fasciola hepatica in cattle. Parasitology 141, 326–335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, MG and Mott, KE (1990) Progress in assessment of morbidity due to Fasciola hepatica infection. A review of recent literature. Tropical Diseases Bulletin 87, 1–38.Google Scholar
Chen, JX, Chen, MX, Ai, L, Xu, XN, Jiao, JM, Zhu, TJ, Su, HY, Zang, W, Luo, JJ, Guo, YH, Lv, S and Zhou, XN (2013) An outbreak of human Fascioliasis gigantica in southwest China. PLoS ONE 8, e71520.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chlyeh, G, Dodet, M, Delay, B, Khallaayoune, K and Jarne, P (2006) Spatio-temporal distribution of freshwater snail species in relation to migration and environmental factors in an irrigated area from Morocco. Hydrobiologia 553, 129–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, YJ, Fontenla, S, Fischer, PU, Le, TH, Costábile, A, Blair, D, Brindley, PJ, Tort, JF, Cabada, MM and Mitreva, M (2020) Adaptive radiation of the flukes of the family Fasciolidae inferred from genome-wide comparisons of key species. Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, 84–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cuervo, PF, Cataldo, SD, Fantozzi, MC, Deis, E, Isenrath, GD, Viberti, G, Artigas, P, Peixoto, R, Valero, MA, Sierra, RM and Mas-Coma, S (2015) Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) naturally infecting introduced European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) in northern Patagonia: phenotype, prevalence and potential risk. Acta Parasitologica 60, 536–543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Curtale, F, Hassanein, YA and Savioli, L (2005) Control of human fascioliasis by selective chemotherapy: design, cost and effect of the first public health, school-based intervention implemented in endemic areas of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 99, 599–609.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Curtale, F, Hassanein, YA, Barduagni, P, Yousef, MM, Wakeel, AE, Hallaj, Z and Mas-Coma, S (2007) Human fascioliasis infection: gender differences within school-age children from endemic areas of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 101, 155–160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cwiklinski, K, Dalton, JP, Dufresne, PJ, La Course, J, Williams, DJL, Hodgkinson, J and Paterson, S (2015) The Fasciola hepatica genome: gene duplication and polymorphism reveals adaptation to the host environment and the capacity for rapid evolution. Genome Biology 16, 71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cwiklinski, K, Jewhurst, H, McVeigh, P, Barbour, T, Maule, AG, Tort, J, O'Neill, SM, Robinson, MW, Donnelly, S and Dalton, JP (2018) Infection by the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica requires rapid regulation of metabolic, virulence, and invasive factors to adjust to its mammalian host. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 17, 792–809.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cwiklinski, K, Donnelly, S, Drysdale, O, Jewhurst, H, Smith, D, De Marco Verissimo, C, Pritsch, IC, O'Neill, S, Dalton, JP and Robinson, MW (2019) The cathepsin-like cysteine peptidases of trematodes of the genus Fasciola. Advances in Parasitology 104, 113–164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dar, Y, Vignoles, P, Rondelaud, D and Dreyfuss, G (2004) Larval productivity of Fasciola gigantica in two lymnaeid snails. Journal of Helminthology 78, 215–218.10.1079/JOH2003224CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dar, Y, Rondelaud, D and Dreyfuss, G (2005) Update of fasciolosis-transmitting snails in Egypt (review and comment). Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 35, 477–490.Google Scholar
Dar, Y, Vignoles, P, Rondelaud, D and Dreyfuss, G (2015) Role of the lymnaeid snail Pseudosuccinea columella in the transmission of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica in Egypt. Journal of Helminthology 89, 699–706.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
David, AR (1997) Disease in Egyptian mummies: the contribution of new technologies. Lancet (London, England) 349, 1760–1763.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, CN, Tyson, F, Cutress, D, Davies, E, Jones, DL, Brophy, PM, Prescott, A, Rose, MT, Williams, M, Williams, HW and Jones, RA (2020) Rapid detection of Galba truncatula in water sources on pasture-land using loop-mediated isothermal amplification for control of trematode infections. Parasites & Vectors 13, 496.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Brie, J (1379) Le Bon Berger. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k54694869.Google Scholar
De Kock, KN, Wolmarans, CT and Bornman, M (2003) Distribution and habitats of the snail Lymnaea truncatula, intermediate host of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, in South Africa. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 74, 117–122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diaw, OT, Vassiliades, G, Seye, M and Sarr, Y (1990) Prolifération des mollusques et incidence sur les trématodoses dans la région du delta et du lac de Guiers après la construction du barrage de Diama sur le fleuve Sénégal. Revue d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux 43, 499–502.Google Scholar
Dida, GO, Gelder, FB, Anyona, DN, Matano, AS, Abuom, PO, Adoka, SO, Ouma, C, Kanangire, CK, Owuor, PO and Ofulla, AV (2014) Distribution and abundance of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis host snails along the Mara River in Kenya and Tanzania. Infection Ecology and Epidemiology 4, 24281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Di Maggio, LS, Tirloni, L, Pinto, AF, Diedrich, JK, Yates Iii, JR, Benavides, U, Carmona, C, da Silva Vaz, IJ and Berasain, P (2016) Across intra-mammalian stages of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica: a proteomic study. Scientific Reports 6, 32796.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dinnik, JA and Dinnik, NN (1961) On the morphology, and life history of Fasciola nyanzae Leiper, 1910 from the hippopotamus. Journal of Helminthology (Suppl.), 53–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dittmar, K (2002) Arthropod and helminth parasites of the wild guinea pig, Cavia aperea, from the Andes and the cordillera in Peru, South America. Journal of Parasitology 88, 409–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doherty, JF, Price, N, Moody, AH, Wright, SG and Glynn, MJ (1995) Fascioliasis due to imported khat. Lancet (London, England) 345, 462.10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90450-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donnelly, S, Stack, CM, O'Neill, SM, Sayed, AA, Williams, DL and Dalton, JP (2008) Helminth 2-Cys peroxiredoxin drives Th2 responses through a mechanism involving alternatively activated macrophages. FASEB Journal 22, 4022–4032.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dracz, RM, Ribeiro, VM, Pereira, CA and Lima, W (2016) Occurrence of Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) in capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) (Linnaeus, 1766) in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 25, 364–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dreyfuss, G and Rondelaud, D (1997) Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica: a comparative study of some characteristics of Fasciola infection in Lymnaea truncatula infected by either of the two trematodes. Veterinary Research 28, 123–130.Google Scholar
Dreyfuss, G and Rondelaud, D (2008) Biodiversity of flukes. Parasite 15, 282–285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dreyfuss, G, Vignoles, P and Rondelaud, D (2003) Natural infection of Omphiscola glabra (Lymnaeidae) with Fasciola hepatica in central France. Parasitology Research 91, 458–461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dreyfuss, G, Vignoles, P and Rondelaud, D (2016) Pseudosuccinea columella: experimental co-infections of juvenile and pre-adult snails with the digeneans Calicophoron daubneyi and Fasciola hepatica. Journal of Helminthology 90, 753–759.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elliott, T, Muller, A, Brockwell, Y, Murphy, N, Grillo, V, Toet, H, Anderson, G, Sangster, N and Spithill, T (2014) Evidence for high genetic diversity of NAD1 and COX1 mitochondrial haplotypes among triclabendazole resistant and susceptible populations and field isolates of Fasciola hepatica (Liver fluke) in Australia. Veterinary Parasitology 200, 90–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Escamilla, A, Zafra, R, Pérez, J, McNeilly, TN, Pacheco, IL, Buffoni, L, Martínez-Moreno, FJ, Molina-Hernández, V and Martínez-Moreno, A (2016) Distribution of Foxp3+ T cells in the liver and hepatic lymph nodes of goats and sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Veterinary Parasitology 230, 14–19.10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.10.020CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Espino, AM, Díaz, A, Pérez, A and Finlay, CM (1998) Dynamics of antigenemia and coproantigens during a human Fasciola hepatica outbreak. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, 2723–2726.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Espinoza, JR, Maco, V, Marcos, L, Saez, S, Neyra, V, Terashima, A, Salmavides, F, Gotuzzo, E, Chavarry, E, Huaman, MC, Bargues, MD, Valero, MA and Mas-Coma, S (2007) Evaluation of Fas2-ELISA for the serological detection of Fasciola hepatica infection in humans. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76, 977–982.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Esteban, JG, Flores, A, Angles, R and Mas-Coma, S (1999) High endemicity of human fascioliasis between Lake Titicaca and La Paz valley, Bolivia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 93, 151–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esteban, JG, Gonzalez, C, Bargues, MD, Angles, R, Sanchez, C, Naquira, C and Mas-Coma, S (2002) High fascioliasis infection in children linked to a man-made irrigation zone in Peru. Tropical Medicine & International Health 7, 339–348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Esteban, JG, Gonzalez, C, Curtale, F, Muñoz-Antoli, C, Valero, MA, Bargues, MD, Mabrouk, ES, el-Wakeel, AA, Abdel-Wahab, Y, Montresor, A, Engels, D, Savioli, L and Mas-Coma, S (2003) Hyperendemic fascioliasis associated with schistosomiasis in villages in the Nile Delta of Egypt. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 69, 429–437.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fairweather, I, Brennan, GP, Hanna, REB, Robinson, MW and Skuce, PJ (2020) Drug resistance in liver flukes. International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance 12, 39–59.Google ScholarPubMed
Ferrer, J, Perera, G, Yong, M and Amador, O (1989) Estudios de densidad de hospederos intermediarios de enfermedades tropicales en berreras. Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical 41, 341–354.Google Scholar
Figtree, M, Beaman, MH, Lee, R, Porter, M, Torey, E, Hugh, TH and Hudson, BJ (2015) Fascioliasis in Australian travellers to Bali. Medical Journal of Australia 203, 186–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fiss, L, de Lourdes Adrien, M, Marcolongo-Pereira, C, Assis-Brasil, ND, Sallis, ES, Riet-Correa, F, Ruas, JL and Schild, AL (2013) Subacute and acute fasciolosis in sheep in southern Brazil. Parasitology Research 112, 883–887.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Food and Agriculture Organization (2020) Food and agriculture data. http://faostat.fao.org/static/syb/syb_5000.pdf.Google Scholar
Foreyt, WJ (2009) Experimental infection of bighorn sheep with liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 45, 1217–1220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foreyt, WJ and Drew, ML (2010) Experimental infection of liver flukes, Fasciola hepatica and Fascioloides magna, in bison (Bison bison). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 46, 283–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, NJ, White, PC, McClean, CJ, Marion, G, Evans, A and Hutchings, MR (2011) Predicting impacts of climate change on Fasciola hepatica risk. PLoS ONE 6, e16126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fried, B and Abruzzi, A (2010) Food-borne trematode infections of humans in the United States of America. Parasitology Research 106, 1263–1280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fuentes, MV, Sainz-Elipe, S, Nieto, P, Malone, JB and Mas-Coma, S (2005) Geographical information systems risk assessment models for zoonotic fascioliasis in the South American Andes region. Parasitologia 47, 151–156.Google ScholarPubMed
Gaillet, P (1983) Contribution à l’étude épidémiologique de la distomatose humaine à Fasciola hepatica en France métropolitaine depuis 1956. À propos de quelque 10.000 cas (MD thesis). Université Paris–Val-de-Marne, France, 163 pp.Google Scholar
Garcia, JA, Martin, AM, Fernandez, JM and Garcia, EJ (1985) Fascioliasis in Spain: a review of the literature and personal observations. European Journal of Epidemiology 1, 121–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gasnier, N, Rondelaud, D, Abrous, M, Carreras, F, Boulard, C, Diez-Baños, P and Cabaret, J (2000) Allopatric combination of Fasciola hepatica and Lymnaea truncatula is more efficient than sympatric ones. International Journal for Parasitology 30, 573–578.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gauly, M and Ammer, S (2020) Review: challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate changes. Animal: An International Journal of Animal Bioscience 14, s196–s203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goumghar, MD, Vignoles, P, Rondelaud, D, Dreyfuss, G and Benlemlih, M (2001) Relationships between the annual generations of the snail Lymnaea trunculata (Mollusca Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae), altitude and the type of its habitats in central Morocco. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 152, 457–462.Google Scholar
Grabner, DS, Mohamed, FA, Nachev, M, Méabed, EM, Sabry, AH and Sures, B (2014) Invasion biology meets parasitology: a case study of parasite spill-back with Egyptian Fasciola gigantica in the invasive snail Pseudosuccinea columella. PLoS ONE 9, e88537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graff, A, Bennion-Pedley, E, Jones, AK, Ledger, ML, Deforce, K, Degraeve, A, Byl, S and Mitchell, PD (2020) A comparative study of parasites in three latrines from Medieval and Renaissance Brussels, Belgium (14th-17th centuries). Parasitology 147, 1443–1451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, GD, Copland, RS and Copeman, DB (2008) Overcoming Liver Fluke as a Constraint to Ruminant Production in South-East Asia, vol 133. Canberra, Australia: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, 155 pp.Google Scholar
Greter, H, Batil, AA, Alfaroukh, IO, Grimm, F, Ngandolo, BN, Keiser, J, Utzinger, J, Zinsstag, J and Hattendorf, J (2016) Re-infection with Fasciola gigantica 6-month post-treatment with triclabendazole in cattle from mobile pastoralist husbandry systems at Lake Chad. Veterinary Parasitology 230, 43–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gryseels, G (1988) Role of Livestock on Mixed Smallholder Farms in the Ethiopian Highlands. A Case Study from the Baso and Worena Wereda near Debre Berhan. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Agricultural University.Google Scholar
Gupta, SC and Singh, BP (2002) Fasciolosis in cattle and buffaloes in India. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 16, 139–145.Google Scholar
Haamond, JA (1972) Infections with Fasciola spp. in wildlife in Africa. Tropical Animal Health and Production 4, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamed, N, Hammami, H, Khaled, S, Rondelaud, D and Ayadi, A (2009) Natural infection of Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda: Fasciolidae) in Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in northern Tunisia. Journal of Helminthology 83, 271–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammami, H and Ayadi, A (1999) Écologie de Lymnaea truncatula Müller,hôte intermédiaire de Fasciola hepatica Linné dans le microclimat de Tozeur (sud-ouest de la Tunisie). Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique 92, 302–304.Google Scholar
Hammami, H, Hamed, N and Ayadi, A (2007) Epidemiological studies on Fasciola hepatica in Gafsa Oases (south west of Tunisia). Parasite 14, 261–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haridy, FM and Morsy, TA (2000) Camel: a new Egyptian host for Fasciola gigantica. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 30, 451–454.Google ScholarPubMed
Haridy, FM, Morsy, TA, Gawish, NI, Antonios, TN and Abdel Gawad, AG (2002) The potential reservoir role of donkeys and horses in zoonotic fascioliasis in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 32, 561–570.Google ScholarPubMed
Hayashi, K, Ichikawa-Seki, M, Allamanda, P, Wibowo, PE, Mohanta, UK, Sodirun, , Guswanto, A and Nishikawa, Y (2016) Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola gigantica from western Java, Indonesia. Parasitology International 65, 424–427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haydock, LAJ, Pomroy, WE, Stevenson, MA and Lawrence, KE (2016) A growing degree-day model for determination of Fasciola hepatica infection risk in New Zealand with future predictions using climate change models. Veterinary Parasitology 228, 52–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heneberg, P (2013) Phylogenetic data suggest the reclassification of Fasciola jacksoni (Digenea: Fasciolidae) as Fascioloides jacksoni comb. nov. Parasitology Research 112, 1679–1689.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hodgkinson, JE, Cwiklinski, K, Beesley, N, Hartley, C, Allen, K and Williams, DJL (2018) Clonal amplification of Fasciola hepatica in Galba truncatula: within and between isolate variation of triclabendazole-susceptible and -resistant clones. Parasites & Vectors 11, 363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopkins, DR (1992) Homing in on helminths. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 46, 626–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hosseini, G, Sarkari, B, Moshfe, A, Motazedian, MH and Abdolahi Khabisi, S (2015) Epidemiology of human fascioliasis and intestinal helminthes in rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad Township, southwest Iran: a population based study. Iranian Journal of Public Health 44, 1520–1525.Google ScholarPubMed
Hotez, PJ, Savioli, L and Fenwick, A (2012) Neglected tropical diseases of the Middle East and North Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and opportunities for control. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 6, e1475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, AJ, Spithill, TW, Smith, RE, Boutlis, CS and Johnson, PD (2003) Human fasciolosis acquired in an Australian urban setting. Medical Journal of Australia 178, 244–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurtrez-Boussès, S, Durand, P, Jabbour-Zahab, R, Guégan, J, Meunier, C, Bargues, M, Mas-Coma, S and Renaud, F (2004) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica). Molecular Ecology 4, 689–690.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurtrez-Boussès, S, Hurtrez, JE, Turpin, H, Durand, C, Durand, P, De Meeüs, T, Meunier, C and Renaud, F (2010) Hydrographic network structure and population genetic differentiation in a vector of fasciolosis, Galba truncatula. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 10, 178–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Husch, C, Sattmann, H, Haefeli, I, Prosl, H and Walochnik, J (2020) Genetic diversity of Fasciola hepatica in Austria. Parasitology Research, 119, 1697–1701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ichikawa-Seki, M, Shiroma, T, Kariya, T, Nakao, R, Ohari, Y, Hayashi, K and Fukumoto, S (2017 a) Molecular characterization of Fasciola flukes from wild sika deer and domestic cattle in Hokkaido, Japan. Parasitology International 66, 519–521.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ichikawa-Seki, M, Tokashiki, M, Opara, MN, Iroh, G, Hayashi, K, Kumar, UM and Itagaki, T (2017 b) Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola gigantica from Nigeria. Parasitology International 66, 893–897.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Issia, L, Pietrokovsky, S, Sousa-Figueiredo, J, Stothard, JR and Wisnivesky-Colli, C (2009) Fasciola hepatica infections in livestock flock, guanacos and coypus in two wildlife reserves in Argentina. Veterinary Parasitology 165, 341–344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Itagaki, T, Sakamoto, T, Tsutsumi, Y and Itagaki, H (1994) Infectivity of three species of Fasciola to Wistar rats. Journal of Veterinary and Medical Science 56, 977–979.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Itagaki, T, Ichinomiya, M, Fukuda, K, Fusyuku, S and Carmona, C (2011) Hybridization experiments indicate incomplete reproductive isolating mechanism between Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. Parasitology 138, 1278–1284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jajaa, IF, Mushongab, B, Greenc, E and Muchenje, V (2017) Seasonal prevalence, body condition score and risk factors of bovine fasciolosis in South Africa. Veterinary and Animal Science 4, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, DJ, Baker, A, Porter, M, Shamsi, S and Barton, DP (2020) Wild fallow deer (Dama dama) as definitive hosts of Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) in alpine New South Wales. Australian Veterinary Journal 98, 546–549.10.1111/avj.13001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
John, BC, Davies, DR, Williams, DJL and Hodgkinson, JE (2019) A review of our current understanding of parasite survival in silage and stored forages, with a focus on Fasciola hepatica metacercariae. Grass and Forage Science 74, 211–217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
John, BC, Davies, DR, Howell, AK, Williams, DJL and Hodgkinson, JE (2020) Anaerobic fermentation results in loss of viability of Fasciola hepatica metacercariae in grass silage. Veterinary Parasitology 285, 109218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, RA, Brophy, PM, Davis, CN, Davies, TE, Emberson, H, Rees Stevens, P and Williams, HW (2018) Detection of Galba truncatula, Fasciola hepatica and Calicophoron daubneyi environmental DNA within water sources on pasture land, a future tool for fluke control? Parasites & Vectors 11, 342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaset, C, Eursitthichai, V, Vichasri-Grams, S, Viyanant, V and Grams, R (2010) Rapid identification of lymnaeid snails and their infection with Fasciola gigantica In Thailand. Experimental Parasitology 126, 482–488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaya, M, Beştaş, R and Çetin, S (2011) Clinical presentation and management of Fasciola hepatica infection: single-center experience. World Journal of Gastroenterology 17, 4899–4904.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelley, JM, Elliott, TP, Beddoe, T, Anderson, G, Skuce, P and Spithill, TW (2016) Current threat of triclabendazole resistance in Fasciola hepatica. Trends in Parasitology 32, 458–469.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelley, JM, Rathinasamy, V, Elliott, TP, Rawlin, G, Beddoe, T, Stevenson, MA and Spithill, TW (2020) Determination of the prevalence and intensity of Fasciola hepatica infection in dairy cattle from six irrigation regions of Victoria, South-eastern Australia, further identifying significant triclabendazole resistance on three properties. Veterinary Parasitology 277, 109019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khan, MK, Sajid, MS, Khan, MN, Iqbal, Z and Iqbal, MU (2009) Bovine fasciolosis: prevalence, effects of treatment on productivity and cost benefit analysis in five districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Research in Veterinary Science 87, 70–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khan, I, Khan, AM, Ayaz, S, Khan, S, Anees, M and Khan, SA (2012) Molecular detection of Fasciola hepatica in water sources of District Nowshehra Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. International Journal of Advanced Research and Technology 1, 106–117.Google Scholar
Khan, MAH, Shareef, PAA, Rehman, A, Ullah, R, Rehman, L and Abidi, SMA (2017) Genotoxic potential of Fasciola gigantica infection in experimentally infected rabbits. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 41, 423–428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, KC and Lively, CM (2012) Does genetic diversity limit disease spread in natural host populations? Heredity 109, 199–203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kiziewicz, B (2013) Natural infection with Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) in the European bison (Bison bonasus) in Białowieża National Park, Poland. Helminthologia 50, 167–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kleiman, F, Pietrokovsky, S, Prepelitchi, L, Carbajo, AE and Wisnivesky-Colli, C (2007) Dynamics of Fasciola hepatica transmission in the Andean Patagonian valleys, Argentina. Veterinary Parasitology 145, 274–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knubben-Schweizer, G and Torgerson, PR (2015) Bovine fasciolosis: control strategies based on the location of Galba truncatula habitats on farms. Veterinary Parasitology 208, 77–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knubben-Schweizer, G, Rüegg, S, Torgerson, PR, Rapsch, C, Grimm, F, Hässig, M, Deplazes, P and Braun, U (2010) Control of bovine fasciolosis in dairy cattle in Switzerland with emphasis on pasture management. Veterinary Parasitology 186, 188–191.Google ScholarPubMed
Loeurng, V, Ichikawa-Seki, M, Wannasan, A, Sothyra, T, Chaisowwong, W and Tiwananthagorn, S (2019) Genetic characterization of Cambodian Fasciola gigantica and dispersal direction of the species in Asia. Veterinary Parasitology 273, 45–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lounnas, M, Correa, AC, Vázquez, AA, Dia, A, Escobar, JS, Nicot, A, Arenas, J, Ayaqui, R, Dubois, MP, Gimenez, T, Gutiérrez, A, González-Ramírez, C, Noya, O, Prepelitchi, L, Uribe, N, Wisnivesky-Colli, C, Yong, M, David, P, Loker, ES, Jarne, P, Pointier, JP and Hurtrez-Boussès, S (2017) Self-fertilization, long-distance flash invasion and biogeography shape the population structure of Pseudosuccinea columella at the worldwide scale. Molecular Ecology 26, 887–903.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luzón-Peña, M, Rojo-Vázquez, FA and Gómez-Bautista, M (1994) The overwintering of eggs, intramolluscal stages and metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica under the temperatures of a Mediterranean area (Madrid, Spain). Veterinary Parasitology 55, 143–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macpherson, CN (2005) Human behaviour and the epidemiology of parasitic zoonoses. International Journal for Parasitology 35, 1319–1331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Magnanou, E and Morand, S (2006) Insularity and micromammals-macroparasites relationships In Morand, S, Krasnov, BR and Poulin, R (eds), Micromammals and Macroparasites: From Evolutionary Ecology to Management. Tokyo, Japan: Springer-Verlag, pp. 295–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahato, SN and Harrison, LJ (2005) Control of fasciolosis in stall-fed buffaloes by managing the feeding of rice straw. Tropical Animal Health and Production 37, 285–291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mailles, A, Capek, I, Ajana, F, Schepens, C, Ilef, D and Vaillant, V (2006) Commercial watercress as an emerging source of fascioliasis in Northern France in 2002: results from an outbreak investigation. Epidemiology and Infection 134, 942–945.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malatji, MP and Mukaratirwa, S (2019) Molecular detection of natural infection of Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) columella (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) with Fasciola gigantica (Digenea: Fasciolidae) from two provinces of South Africa. Journal of Helminthology 94, e38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malatji, MP, Pfukenyi, DM and Mukaratirwa, S (2019) Fasciola species and their vertebrate and snail intermediate hosts in East and Southern Africa: a review. Journal of Helminthology 94, e63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malone, JB, Gommes, R, Hansen, J, Yilma, JM, Slingenberg, J, Snijders, F, Nachtergaele, F and Ataman, E (1998) A Geographic Information System on the potential distribution and abundance of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica in East Africa based on Food and Agriculture Organization databases. Veterinary Parasitology 78, 87–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martínez-Díaz, RA, Martella, MB, Navarro, JL and Ponce-Gordo, F (2013) Gastrointestinal parasites in greater rheas (Rhea americana) and lesser rheas (Rhea pennata) from Argentina. Veterinary Parasitology 194, 75–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martínez-Valladares, M and Rojo-Vázquez, FA (2016) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the diagnosis of fasciolosis in sheep and its application under field conditions. Parasites & Vectors 9, 73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mas-Coma, S, Fons, R, Feliu, C, Bargues, MD, Valero, MA and Galan Puchades, MT (1988) Small mammals as natural definitive hosts of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 (Trematoda: Fasciolidae): a review and two new records of epidemiologic interest on the Island of Corsica. Rivista di Parassitologia 49, 73–78.Google Scholar
Mas-Coma, S, Anglés, R, Esteban, JG, Bargues, MD, Buchon, P, Franken, M and Strauss, W (1999) The Northern Bolivian Altiplano: a region highly endemic for human fascioliasis. Tropical Medicine & International Health 4, 454–467.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mas-Coma, S, Bargues, MD and Valero, MA (2009 a) Chapter 2. Fasciola, lymnaeids and human fascioliasis, with a global overview on disease transmission, epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, molecular epidemiology and control. Advances in Parasitology 69, 41–146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mas-Coma, S, Valero, MA and Bargues, MD (2009 b) Climate change effects on trematodiases, with emphasis on zoonotic fascioliasis and schistosomiasis. Veterinary Parasitology 163, 264–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mas-Coma, S, Bargues, MD and Valero, MA (2014) Diagnosis of human fascioliasis by stool and blood techniques: update for the present global scenario. Parasitology 141, 1918–1946.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mas-Coma, S, Bargues, MD and Valero, MA (2018) Human fascioliasis infection sources, their diversity, incidence factors, analytical methods and prevention measures. Parasitology 145, 1665–1699.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mas-Coma, S, Valero, MA and Bargues, MD (2019) Fascioliasis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1154, 71–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGarry, DK and Shackleton, CM (2009) Children navigating rural poverty: rural children's use of wild resources to counteract food insecurity in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Journal of Children and Poverty 15, 19–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMahon, C, Edgar, HW, Hanna, RE, Ellison, SE, Flanagan, AM, McCoy, M, Kajugu, PE, Gordon, AW, Irwin, D, Barley, JE, Malone, FE, Brennan, GP and Fairweather, I (2016) Liver fluke control on sheep farms in Northern Ireland: a survey of changing management practices in relation to disease prevalence and perceived triclabendazole resistance. Veterinary Parasitology 216, 72–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNulty, SN, Tort, JF, Rinaldi, G, Fischer, K, Rosa, BA, Smircich, P, Fontenla, S, Choi, YJ, Tyagi, R, Hallsworth-Pepin, K, Mann, VH, Kammili, L, Latham, P, Dell'Oca, N, Dominguez, F, Carmona, C, Fischer, PU, Brindley, PJ and Mitreva, M (2017) Genomes of Fasciola hepatica from the Americas reveal colonization with Neorickettsia endobacteria related to the agents of Potomac horse and human Sennetsu fevers. PLoS Genetics 13, e1006537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mehmood, K, Zhang, H, Sabir, AJ, Abbas, RZ, Ijaz, M, Durrani, AZ, Saleem, MH, Ur Rehman, M, Iqbal, MK, Wang, Y, Ahmad, HI, Abbas, T, Hussain, R, Ghori, MT, Ali, S, Khan, AU and Li, J (2017) A review on epidemiology, global prevalence and economical losses of fasciolosis in ruminants. Microbial Pathogenesis 109, 253–262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ménard, A, L'Hostis, M, Leray, G, Marchandeau, S, Pascal, M, Roudot, N, Michel, V and Chauvin, A (2000) Inventory of wild rodents and lagomorphs as natural hosts of Fasciola hepatica on a farm located in a humid area in Loire Atlantique (France). Parasite 7, 77–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mera y Sierra, R, Agramunt, VH, Cuervo, P and Mas-Coma, S (2011) Human fascioliasis in Argentina: retrospective overview, critical analysis and baseline for future research. Parasites & Vectors 4, 104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meshgi, B, Karimi, A and Shayan, P (2008) Genetic variation of Fasciola hepatica from sheep, cattle and buffalo. Research Journal of Parasitology 3, 71–78.Google Scholar
Meshgi, B, Majidi-Rad, M, Hanafi-Bojd, AA and Fathi, S (2019) Ecological niche modeling for predicting the habitat suitability of fascioliasis based on maximum entropy model in southern Caspian Sea littoral, Iran. Acta Tropica 198, 105079.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meunier, C, Tirard, C, Hurtrez-Boussès, S, Durand, P, Bargues, MD, Mas-Coma, S, Pointier, JP, Jourdane, J and Renaud, F (2001) Lack of molluscan host diversity and the transmission of an emerging parasitic disease in Bolivia. Molecular Ecology 10, 1333–1340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mezo, M, González-Warleta, M, Carro, C and Ubeira, FM (2004) An ultrasensitive capture ELISA for detection of Fasciola hepatica coproantigens in sheep and cattle using a new monoclonal antibody (MM3). Journal of Parasitology 90, 845–852.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mezo, M, González-Warleta, M, Castro-Hermida, JA, Manga-González, MY, Peixoto, R, Mas-Coma, S and Valero, MA (2013) The wild boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) as secondary reservoir of Fasciola hepatica in Galicia (NW Spain). Veterinary Parasitology 198, 274–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milas, S, Rossi, C, Philippart, I, Dorny, P and Bottieau, E (2020) Autochthonous human fascioliasis, Belgium. Emerging Infectious Diseases 26, 155–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moghadamizad, Z, Hosseini-Safa, A, Mohebali, M, Heydarian, P, Aryaeipour, M and Rokni, MB (2020) Specific detection of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica in infected domesticated animals using high-resolution melting analysis (HRM). Iranian Journal of Public Health 49, 521–529.Google Scholar
Molento, MB, Bennema, S, Bertot, J, Pritsch, IC and Arenal, A (2018) Bovine fascioliasis in Brazil: economic impact and forecasting. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies Report 12, 1–3.Google ScholarPubMed
Motran, CC, Silvane, L, Chiapello, LS, Theumer, MG, Ambrosio, LF, Volpini, X, Celias, D and Cervi, L (2018) Helminth infections: recognition and modulation of the immune response by innate immune cells. Frontiers in Immunology 9, 664.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mulcahy, G, O'Connor, F, Clery, D, Hogan, SF, Dowd, AJ, Andrews, SJ and Dalton, JP (1999) Immune responses of cattle to experimental anti-Fasciola hepatica vaccines. Research in Veterinary Science 67, 27–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Munita, MP, Rea, R, Martinez-Ibeas, AM, Byrne, N, McGrath, G, Munita-Corbalan, LE, Sekiya, M, Mulcahy, G and Sayers, RG (2019) Liver fluke in Irish sheep: prevalence and associations with management practices and co-infection with rumen fluke. Parasites & Vectors 12, 525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neyra, V, Chavarry, E and Espinoza, JR (2002) Cysteine proteinases Fas1 and Fas2 are diagnostic markers for Fasciola hepatica infection in alpacas (Lama pacos). Veterinary Parasitology 105, 21–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, TG, Le, TH, Dao, TH, Tran, TL, Praet, N, Speybroeck, N, Vercruysse, J and Dorny, P (2011) Bovine fasciolosis in the human fasciolosis hyperendemic Binh Dinh province in Central Vietnam. Acta Tropica 117, 19–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, ST, Nguyen, DT, Van Nguyen, T, Huynh, VV, Le, DQ, Fukuda, Y and Nakai, Y (2012) Prevalence of Fasciola in cattle and of its intermediate host Lymnaea snails in central Vietnam. Tropical Animal Health and Production 44, 1847–1853.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nguyen, NT, Le, TC, Vo, MDC, Van Cao, H, Nguyen, LT, Ho, KT, Nguyen, QN, Tran, VQ and Matsumoto, Y (2017) High prevalence of cattle fascioliasis in coastal areas of Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. Journal of Veterinary and Medical Science 79, 1035–1042.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Novobilský, A and Höglund, J (2015) First report of closantel treatment failure against Fasciola hepatica in cattle. International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs & Drug Resistance 5, 172–177.Google ScholarPubMed
Novobilský, A, Kašný, M, Beran, L, Rondelaud, D and Höglund, J (2013) Lymnaea palustris and Lymnaea fuscus are potential but uncommon intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica in Sweden. Parasites & Vectors 6, 251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nyindo, M and Lukambagire, AH (2015) Fascioliasis: an ongoing zoonotic trematode infection. BioMed Research International 2015, 786195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nyirenda, SS, Sakala, M, Moonde, L, Kayesa, E, Fandamu, P, Banda, F and Sinkala, Y (2019) Prevalence of bovine fascioliasis and economic impact associated with liver condemnation in abattoirs in Mongu district of Zambia. BMC Veterinary Research 15, 33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Neill, SM, Brady, MT, Callanan, JJ, Mulcahy, G, Joyce, P, Mills, KH and Dalton, JP (2000) Fasciola hepatica infection downregulates Th1 responses in mice. Parasite Immunology 22, 147–155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orozco, MM, Argibay, HD, Minatel, L, Guillemi, EC, Berra, Y, Schapira, A, Di Nucci, D, Marcos, A, Lois, F, Falzone, M and Farber, MD (2020) A participatory surveillance of marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) morbidity and mortality in Argentina: first results. BMC Veterinary Research 16, 321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Over, HJ, Jansen, J and van Olm, PW (1992 Distribution of Helminth Diseases of Livestock in Developing Countries. Rome: FAO Animal Production and Health Paper; 96Google Scholar
Parkinson, M, O'Neill, SM and Dalton, JP (2007) Endemic human fasciolosis in the Bolivian Altiplano. Epidemiology and Infection 135, 669–674.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parkinson, M, Dalton, JP and O'Neill, SM (2011) Fasciolosis. In Palmer, SR, Soulsby, L, Torgerson, P and Brown, DWG (eds), Oxford Textbook of Zoonoses: Biology, Clinical Practice, and Public Health Control, 2nd Edn. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 864–872.Google Scholar
Perrodin, S, Walti, L, Gottstein, B, Kim-Fuchs, C, Candinas, D and Banz, V (2019) Fasciola hepatica in a country of low incidence: a tricky diagnosis. Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 8, 597–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfukenyi, DM, Mukaratirwa, S, Willingham, AL and Monrad, J (2006) Epidemiological studies of Fasciola gigantica infections in cattle in the highveld and lowveld communal grazing areas of Zimbabwe. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 73, 37–51.Google ScholarPubMed
Phalee, A, Wongsawad, C, Rojanapaibul, A and Chai, JY (2015) Experimental life history and biological characteristics of Fasciola gigantica (Digenea: Fasciolidae). Korean Journal of Parasitology 53, 59–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phelps, LN and Kaplan, JO (2017) Land use for animal production in global change studies: defining and characterizing a framework. Global Change Biology 23, 4457–4471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piedrafita, D, Spithill, TW, Smith, RE and Raadsma, HW (2010) Improving animal and human health through understanding liver fluke immunology. Parasite Immunology 32, 572–581.Google ScholarPubMed
Polley, L and Thompson, RC (2009) Parasite zoonoses and climate change: molecular tools for tracking shifting boundaries. Trends in Parasitology 25, 285–291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pozio, E (2020) How globalization and climate change could affect foodborne parasites. Experimental Parasitology 208, 107807.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prepelitchi, L, Kleiman, F, Pietrokovsky, SM, Moriena, RA, Racioppi, O, Alvarez, J and Wisnivesky-Colli, C (2003) First report of Lymnaea columella Say, 1817 (Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae) naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Trematoda: Digenea) in Argentina. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 7, 889– 891.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prepelitchi, L, Pietrokovsky, S, Kleiman, F, Rubel, D, Issia, L, Moriena, R, Racioppi, O, Álvarez, J and Wisnivesky-Colli, C (2011) Population structure and dynamics of Lymnaea columella (say, 1817) (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in wetlands of northeastern Argentina. Zoological Studies 50, 164–176.Google Scholar
Pritchard, GC, Forbes, AB, Williams, DJ, Salimi-Bejestani, MR and Daniel, RG (2005) Emergence of fasciolosis in cattle in East Anglia. Veterinary Record 157, 578–582.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raadsma, HW, Kingsford, N, Suharyanta, M, Spithill, TW and Piedrafita, D (2007) Host responses during experimental infection with Fasciola gigantica or Fasciola hepatica in Merino sheep I. Comparative immunological and plasma biochemical changes during early infection. Veterinary Parasitology 143, 275–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rajapakse, RPVJ, Pham, KLT, Karunathilake, KJK, Lawton, SP and Le, TH (2020) Characterization and phylogenetic properties of the complete mitochondrial genome of Fascioloides jacksoni (syn. Fasciola jacksoni) support the suggested intergeneric change from Fasciola to Fascioloides (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Plagiorchiida). Infection, Genetics and Evolution 82, 104281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramachandran, J, Ajjampur, SS, Chandramohan, A and Varghese, GM (2012) Cases of human fascioliasis in India: tip of the iceberg. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 58, 150–152.Google ScholarPubMed
Randolph, TF, Schelling, E, Grace, D, Nicholson, CF, Leroy, JL, Cole, DC, Demment, MW, Omore, A, Zinsstag, J and Ruel, M (2007) Invited review: role of livestock in human nutrition and health for poverty reduction in developing countries. Journal of Animal Science 85, 2788–2800.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rehman, Z, Zahid, O, Rashid, I, Ali, Q, Akbar, M, Oneeb, M, Shehzad, W, Ashraf, K, Sargison, N and Chaudhry, U (2020) Genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection in Fasciola gigantica isolates of Pakistani livestock. Parasitology International 76, 102071.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rim, H-J, Farag, HF, Sornmani, S and Cross, JH (1994) Food-borne trematodes: ignored or emerging? Parasitology Today 10, 207–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, JA and Suhardono, (1996) Approaches to the control of fasciolosis in ruminants. International Journal for Parasitology 26, 971–981.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, MW and Dalton, JP (2009) Zoonotic helminth infections with particular emphasis on fasciolosis and other trematodiases. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Science 364, 2763–2776.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, MW, Tort, JF, Lowther, J, Donnelly, SM, Wong, E, Xu, W, Stack, CM, Padula, M, Herbert, B and Dalton, JP (2008) Proteomics and phylogenetic analysis of the cathepsin L protease family of the helminth pathogen Fasciola hepatica: expansion of a repertoire of virulence-associated factors. Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 7, 1111–1123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, TP, Thornton, PK, Franceschini, G, Kruska, RL, Chiozza, F, Notenbaert, A, Cecchi, G, Herrero, M, Epprecht, M, Fritz, S, You, L, Conchedda, G and See, L (2011) Global Livestock Production Systems. Rome: FAO and Nairobi, Kenya: ILRIGoogle Scholar
Rojas, L, Vázquez, AA, Domenech, I and Robertson, L (2010) Fascioliasis: can Cuba conquer this emerging parasitosis? Trends in Parasitology 26, 26–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rokni, MB (2008) The present status of human helminthic diseases in Iran. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 102, 283–295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roldán, C, Begovoeva, M, López-Olvera, JR, Velarde, R, Cabezón, O, Molinar, AR, Pizzato, F, Pasquetti, M, Fernández, X, Mentaberre, G, Serrano, E, Puig, M, Espunyes, J, Castillo-Contreras, R, Estruch, J and Rossi, L (2020) Endemic occurrence of Fasciola hepatica in an alpine ecosystem, Pyrenees, Northeastern Spain. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. doi: 10.1111/tbed.13865.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rondelaud, D, Dreyfuss, G, Bouteille, B and Dardé, ML (2000) Changes in human fasciolosis in a temperate area: about some observations over a 28-year period in central France. Parasitology Research 86, 753–757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rondelaud, D, Vignoles, P, Abrous, M and Dreyfuss, G (2001) The definitive and intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica in the natural watercress beds in central France. Parasitology Research 87, 475–478.Google ScholarPubMed
Rondelaud, D, Vignoles, P, Vareille-Morel, C, Abrous, M, Mage, C, Mouzet, R and Dreyfuss, G (2004) Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola hepatica: field observations on the transport and outcome of floating metacercariae in running water. Journal of Helminthology 78, 173–177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rondelaud, D, Belfaiza, M, Vignoles, P, Moncef, M and Dreyfuss, G (2009) Redial generations of Fasciola hepatica: a review. Journal of Helminthology 83, 245–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rondelaud, D, Vignoles, P and Dreyfuss, G (2020) Fasciola hepatica: the dispersal of cercariae shed by the snail Galba truncatula. Parasite 27, 17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruiz-Campillo, MT, Molina-Hernández, V, Pérez, J, Pacheco, IL, Pérez, R, Escamilla, A, Martínez-Moreno, FJ, Martínez-Moreno, A and Zafra, R (2018) Study of peritoneal macrophage immunophenotype in sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Veterinary Parasitology 257, 34–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sabourin, E, Alda, P, Vázquez, A, Hurtrez-Boussès, S and Vittecoq, M (2018) Impact of human activities on fasciolosis transmission. Trends in Parasitology 34, 891–903.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sah, R, Khadka, S, Lakhey, PJ, Pradhan, S, Shah, NP, Singh, YP and Mas-Coma, S (2018) Human case of Fasciola gigantica-like infection, review of human fascioliasis reports in Nepal, and epidemiological analysis within the South Central Asia. Acta Parasitologica 63, 435–443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salzer, HJ and Schmiedel, S (2015) Fasciola hepatica in a German traveler returning from Thailand. Journal of Travel Medicine 22, 285–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandland, GJ and Minchella, DJ (2003) Effects of diet and Echinostoma revolutum infection on energy allocation patterns in juvenile Lymnaea elodes snails. Oecologia 134, 479–486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sandland, GJ, Foster, AV, Zavodna, M and Minchella, DJ (2007) Interplay between host genetic variation and parasite transmission in the Biomphalaria glabrata-Schistosoma mansoni system. Parasitology Research 101, 1083–1089.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarkari, B, Ghobakhloo, N, Moshfea, A and Eilami, O (2012) Seroprevalence of human fasciolosis in a new-emerging focus of fasciolosis in Yasuj district, southwest of Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 7, 15–20.Google Scholar
Sazmand, A and Joachim, A (2017) Parasitic diseases of camels in Iran (1931-2017) – a literature review. Parasite 24, 21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schweizer, G, Braun, U, Deplazes, P and Torgerson, PR (2005) Estimating the financial losses due to bovine fasciolosis in Switzerland. Veterinary Record 157, 188–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schweizer, G, Meli, ML, Torgerson, PR, Lutz, H, Deplazes, P and Braun, U (2007) Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in the intermediate host Lymnaea truncatula detected by real time TaqMan PCR in populations from 70 Swiss farms with cattle husbandry. Veterinary Parasitology 150, 164–169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheng, ZA, Li, J, Wang, DY, Kang, YQ, Wei, ZY, Zhang, FK, Zhu, XQ, Luo, HL and Huang, WY (2019) Th2-related cytokines are associated with Fasciola gigantica infection and evasion in the natural host, swamp buffalo. Veterinary Parasitology 268, 73–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shi, W, Wei, ZY, Elsheikha, HM, Zhang, FK, Sheng, ZA, Lu, KJ, Wang, DY, Huang, WY and Zhu, XQ (2017) Dynamic expression of cytokine and transcription factor genes during experimental Fasciola gigantica infection in buffaloes. Parasites & Vectors 10, 602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shimalov, VV and Shimalov, VT (2000) Findings of Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 in wild animals in Belorussian Polesie. Parasitology Research 86, 527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shoriki, T, Ichikawa-Seki, M, Suganuma, K, Naito, I, Hayashi, K, Nakao, M, Aita, J, Mohanta, UK, Inoue, N, Murakami, K and Itagaki, T (2016) Novel methods for the molecular discrimination of Fasciola spp. on the basis of nuclear protein-coding genes. Parasitology International 65, 180–183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shumsky, SA, Hickey, GM, Pelletier, B and Johns, T (2014) Understanding the contribution of wild edible plants to rural socialecological resilience in semi-arid Kenya. Ecology and Society 19, 34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soares, MP, da Silva, SS, Nizoli, LQ, Felix, SR and Schild, AL (2007) Chronic fascioliasis in farmed and wild greater rheas (Rhea americana). Veterinary Parasitology 145, 168–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorensen, RE and Minchella, DJ (2001) Snail-trematode life history interactions: past trends and future directions. Parasitology 123, S3–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spratt, DM and Presidente, PJ (1981) Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in native mammals in southeastern Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 59, 713–721.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stafford, K and Gregory, N (2008) Implications of intensification of pastoral animal production on animal welfare. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 56, 274–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suhardono, , Roberts, JA and Copeman, DB (2006 a) The effect of temperature and humidity on longevity of metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica. Tropical Animal Health and Production 38, 371–377.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suhardono, , Roberts, JA and Copeman, DB (2006 b) Variations in the survival of Fasciola gigantica eggs in bovine dung stored in the sun as opposed to the shade. Tropical Animal Health and Production 38, 379–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suon, S, Hol, D, Siek, S, McLean, M and Copeman, B (2006) Seasonal differences in the incidence of infection with Fasciola gigantica in Cambodian cattle. Tropical Animal Health and Production 38, 23–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taghipour, A, Zaki, L, Rostami, A, Foroutan, M, Ghaffarifar, F, Fathi, A and Abdoli, A (2019) Highlights of human ectopic fascioliasis: a systematic review. Infectious Diseases (London) 51, 785–792.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takeuchi-Storm, N, Denwood, M, Hansen, TVA, Halasa, T, Rattenborg, E, Boes, J, Enemark, HL and Thamsborg, SM (2017) Farm-level risk factors for Fasciola hepatica infection in Danish dairy cattle as evaluated by two diagnostic methods. Parasites & Vectors 10, 555.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takeuchi-Storm, N, Moakes, S, Thüer, S, Grovermann, C, Verwer, C, Verkaik, J, Knubben-Schweizer, G, Höglund, J, Petkevičius, S, Thamsborg, S and Werne, S (2019) Parasite control in organic cattle farming: management and farmers’ perspectives from six European countries. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies Reports 18, 100329. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100329Google ScholarPubMed
Tavalire, HF, Blouin, MS and Steinauer, ML (2016) Genotypic variation in host response to infection affects parasite reproductive rate. International Journal for Parasitology 46, 123–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Terasaki, K, Noda, Y, Shibahara, T, Itagaki, T, Fukuda, K and Tsuchiya, K (2003) Experimental fascioliasis in the rat-like hamster, Tscherskia triton, and other rodent hosts. Parasitology International 52, 147–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thang, T, Vázquez-Prieto, S, Vilas, R, Paniagua, E, Ubeira, F and Ichikawa-Seki, M (2020) Genetic diversity of Fasciola hepatica in Spain and Peru. Parasitology International 76, 102100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, C, Jacquiet, P and Dorchies, P (2007) La prévalence des helminthoses bovines a-t-elle été modifiée par la canicule de l'été 2003 dans le sud-ouest de la France? Parasite 14, 265–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, K, Hardy, RD, Lazrus, H, Mendez, M, Orlove, B, Rivera-Collazo, I, Roberts, JT, Rockman, M, Warner, BP and Winthrop, R (2019) Explaining differential vulnerability to climate change: a social science review. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 10, e565.Google ScholarPubMed
Thornton, PK (2010) Livestock production: recent trends, future prospects. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Science 365, 2853–2867.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornton, PK, van de Steeg, J, Notenbaert, A and Herrero, M (2008) The Livestock–Climate–Poverty Nexus: A Discussion Paper on ILRI Research in Relation to Climate Change. Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute.Google Scholar
Toet, H, Piedrafita, DM and Spithill, TW (2014) Liver fluke vaccines in ruminants: strategies, progress and future opportunities. International Journal for Parasitology 44, 915–927.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torgerson, P and Claxton, J (1999) Epidemiology and control. In Dalton, JP (ed.), Fasciolosis. Oxon, UK: CAB International, pp. 113–150.Google Scholar
Torgerson, PR, Devleesschauwer, B, Praet, N, Speybroeck, N, Willingham, AL, Kasuga, F, Rokni, MB, Zhou, XN, Fèvre, EM, Sripa, B, Gargouri, N, Fürst, T, Budke, CM, Carabin, H, Kirk, MD, Angulo, FJ, Havelaar, A and de Silva, N (2015) World Health Organization estimates of the global and regional disease burden of 11 foodborne parasitic diseases, 2010: a data synthesis. PLoS Medicine 12, e1001920.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ubeira, FM, Muiño, L, Valero, MA, Periago, MV, Pérez-Crespo, I, Mezo, M, González-Warleta, M, Romarís, F, Paniagua, E, Cortizo, S, Llovo, J and Mas-Coma, S (2009) MM3-ELISA detection of Fasciola hepatica coproantigens in preserved human stool samples. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 81, 156–162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ueno, H, Arandia, R, Morales, G and Medina, G (1975) Fascioliasis of livestock and snail host for Fasciola in the Altiplano Region of Bolivia. National Institute of Animal Health Quarterly (Tokyo) 15, 61–67.Google ScholarPubMed
Utaaker, KS and Robertson, LJ (2015) Climate change and foodborne transmission of parasites: a consideration of possible interactions and impacts for selected parasites. Food Research International 68, 16–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Utzinger, J and Tanner, M (2000) Microhabitat preferences of Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Lymnaea natalensis in a natural and a man-made habitat in southeastern Tanzania. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 95, 287–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaughan, JL, Charles, JA and Boray, JC (1997) Fasciola hepatica infection in farmed emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Australian Veterinary Journal 75, 811–813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vázquez, AA, Hevia, Y and Sánchez, J (2009) Distribución y preferencia de hábitats de moluscos hospederos intermediarios de Fasciola hepatica en Cuba. Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical 61, 248–253.Google Scholar
Vázquez, AA, Sánchez, J, Pointier, JP, Théron, A and Hurtrez-Boussès, S (2014) Fasciola hepatica in Cuba: compatibility of different isolates with two intermediate intermediate hosts, Galba cubensis and Pseudosuccinea columella. Journal of Helminthology 88, 434–440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vázquez, AA, Sánchez, J, Alba, A, Pointier, JP and Hurtrez-Boussés, S (2015) Natural prevalence in Cuban populations of the lymnaeid snail Galba cubensis infected with the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica: small values do matter. Parasitology Research 114, 4205-4210. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4653-2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vázquez, AA, Lounnas, M, Sánchez, J, Alba, A, Milesi, A and Hurtrez-Boussés, S (2016) Genetic and infective diversity of the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda: Digenea) from Cuba. Journal of Helminthology 14, 1–7.Google Scholar
Vázquez, AA, Alda, P, Lounnas, M, Sabourin, E, Alba, A, Pointier, JP and Hurtrez-Boussès, S (2018) Lymnaeid snails hosts of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica (Trematoda: Digenea): a worldwide review. CAB Reviews 13, 062.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vázquez, AA, de Vargas, M, Alba, A, Sánchez, J, Alda, P, Sabourin, E, Vittecoq, M, Alarcón-Elbal, PM, Pointier, JP and Hurtrez-Boussès, S (2019) Reviewing Fasciola hepatica transmission in the West Indies and novel perceptions from experimental infections of sympatric vs allopatric snail/fluke combinations. Veterinary Parasitology 275, 108955.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vázquez, AA, Sabourin, E, Alda, P, Leroy, C, Leray, C, Carron, E, Mulero, S, Caty, C, Hasfia, S, Boisseau, M, Saugné, L, Pineau, O, Blanchon, T, Alba, A, Faugère, D, Vittecoq, M and Hurtrez-Boussès, S (2020) Genetic diversity and relationships of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda) with native and introduced definitive and intermediate hosts. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. doi: 10.1111/tbed.13882.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vignoles, P, Dreyfuss, G and Rondelaud, D (2012) Larval development of Fasciola hepatica in experimental infections: variations with populations of Lymnaea truncatula. Journal of Helminthology 76, 179–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vignoles, P, Hourdin, P, Dreyfuss, G and Rondelaud, D (2019) Epidémiologie de la fasciolose dans le Limousin: bilan des recherches effectuées depuis les années 1970. Annales Scientifiques du Limousin 28, 39–66.Google Scholar
Vilas, R, Vázquez-Prieto, S and Paniagua, E (2012) Contrasting patterns of population genetic structure of Fasciola hepatica from cattle and sheep: implications for the evolution of anthelmintic resistance. Infection Genetic & Evolution 12, 45–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Villa-Mancera, A and Reynoso-Palomar, A (2019) Bulk tank milk ELISA to detect IgG1 prevalence and clustering to determine spatial distribution and risk factors of Fasciola hepatica-infected herds in Mexico. Journal of Helminthology 93, 704–710.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Viney, ME and Graham, AL (2013) Advances in Parasitology 82, 321–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, SM, Hoey, E, Fletcher, H, Brennan, G, Fairweather, I and Trudgett, A (2006) Stage-specific differences in fecundity over the life-cycle of two characterized isolates of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology 133, 209–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, SM, Makundi, AE, Namuba, FV, Kassuku, AA, Keyyu, J, Hoey, EM, Prödohl, P, Stothard, JR and Trudgett, A (2008) The distribution of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica within southern Tanzania – constraints associated with the intermediate host. Parasitology 135, 495–503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walsh, KP, Brady, MT, Finlay, CM, Boon, L and Mills, KH (2009) Infection with a helminth parasite attenuates autoimmunity through TGF-beta-mediated suppression of Th17 and Th1 responses. Journal of Immunology 183, 1577–1586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiedosari, E, Hayakawa, H and Copeman, B (2006) Host differences in response to trickle infection with Fasciola gigantica in buffalo, Ongole and Bali calves. Tropical Animal Health and Production 38, 43–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, A (1879) On the occurrence of the common fluke (Fasciola hepatica) in the human subject. Edinburgh Medical Journal 25, 413–417.Google ScholarPubMed
Wolinska, J and King, KC (2009) Environment can alter selection in host-parasite interactions. Trends in Parasitology 25, 236–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (1990) Forty-third World Health Assembly, Geneva, 7–17 May 1990: resolutions and decisions, annexes., Geneva.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1995) WHO Study Group on the Control of Foodborne Trematode Infections. Geneva: WHO technical report series; 849.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2011) Annex 1: interagency roadmap for high-priority neglected zoonotic diseases: expected outcomes by objective by 2015 and 2020.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2013) Sustaining the Drive to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases: Second WHO Report on Neglected Tropical Diseases. WHO Technical Report Series.Google Scholar
Xifeng, W, Mengfan, Q, Kai, Z, Guowu, Z, Jing, L, Lixia, W, Jun, Q, Qingling, M, Shasha, G, Yunfu, H and Xuepeng, C (2019) Development and evaluation of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay based on recombinant protein CatL1D for serodiagnosis of sheep fasciolosis. Journal of Helminthology 94, e98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, WY, Moreau, E, Hope, JC, Howard, CJ, Huang, WY and Chauvin, A (2005) Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica: comparison of cellular response to experimental infection in sheep. Experimental Parasitology 111, 154–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, JL, Si, HF, Zhou, XZ, Shang, XF, Li, B and Zhang, JY (2019 a) High prevalence of fasciolosis and evaluation of the efficacy of anthelmintics against Fasciola hepatica in buffaloes in Guangxi, China. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites & Wildlife 8, 82–87.Google ScholarPubMed
Zhang, XX, Cwiklinski, K, Hu, RS, Zheng, WB, Sheng, ZA, Zhang, FK, Elsheikha, HM, Dalton, JP and Zhu, XQ (2019 b) Complex and dynamic transcriptional changes allow the helminth Fasciola gigantica to adjust to its intermediate snail and definitive mammalian hosts. BMC Genomics 20, 729.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, Y, Mei, X, Liang, Y, Zhu, B, Sheng, Z, Shi, W, Wang, D and Huang, W (2020) Newly excysted juveniles (NEJs) of Fasciola gigantica induce mice liver fibrosis and M2 macrophage-like phenotype in vivo. Microbial Pathogenesis 139, 103909.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhou, XN (2012) Prioritizing research for ‘One health – One world’. Infectious Diseases of Poverty 1, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zoghi, S, Emami, M, Shahriarirad, S, Vahedi, R, Cheraghi, MR, Zamiri, B, Arefkhah, N, Ghorbani, F and Sarkari, B (2019) Human fascioliasis in nomads: a population-based serosurvey in southwest Iran. Infezioni in Medicina 27, 68–72.Google ScholarPubMed
Zumaquero-Ríos, JL, Sarracent-Pérez, J, Rojas-García, R, Rojas-Rivero, L, Martínez-Tovilla, Y, Valero, MA and Mas-Coma, S (2013) Fascioliasis and intestinal parasitoses affecting schoolchildren in Atlixco, Puebla State, Mexico: epidemiology and treatment with nitazoxanide. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 7, e2553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed