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Toxocara canis infection worsens the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2022

Jan Novák Open the ORCID record for Jan Novák [Opens in a new window] ,
Tomáš Macháček Open the ORCID record for Tomáš Macháček [Opens in a new window] ,
Martin Majer ,
Marie Kostelanská ,
Kateřina Skulinová ,
Viktor Černý ,
Libuše Kolářová ,
Jiří Hrdý  and
Petr Horák
Jan Novák*
Affiliation:
Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 7, 128 00, Praha 2, Czechia
Tomáš Macháček
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Praha 2, Czechia
Martin Majer
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Praha 2, Czechia
Marie Kostelanská
Affiliation:
Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 7, 128 00, Praha 2, Czechia
Kateřina Skulinová
Affiliation:
Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 7, 128 00, Praha 2, Czechia Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Praha 2, Czechia
Viktor Černý
Affiliation:
Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 7, 128 00, Praha 2, Czechia
Libuše Kolářová
Affiliation:
Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 7, 128 00, Praha 2, Czechia National Reference Laboratory for Tissue Helminthoses, General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 7, 128 00, Praha 2, Czechia
Jiří Hrdý
Affiliation:
Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 7, 128 00, Praha 2, Czechia
Petr Horák
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Praha 2, Czechia
*
Author for correspondence: Jan Novák, E-mail: jan.novak2@lf1.cuni.cz
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Abstract

Toxocara canis, a gastrointestinal parasite of canids, is also highly prevalent in many paratenic hosts, such as mice and humans. As with many other helminths, the infection is associated with immunomodulatory effects, which could affect other inflammatory conditions including autoimmune and allergic diseases. Here, we investigated the effect of T. canis infection on the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Mice infected with 2 doses of 100 T. canis L3 larvae 5 weeks prior to EAE induction (the Tc+EAE group) showed higher EAE clinical scores and greater weight loss compared to the non-infected group with induced EAE (the EAE group). Elevated concentrations of all measured serum cytokines (IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ and TNF-α) were observed in the Tc+EAE group compared to the EAE group. In the CNS, the similar number of regulatory T cells (Tregs; CD4+FoxP3+Helios+) but their decreased proportion from total CD4+ cells was found in the Tc+EAE group compared to the EAE group. This could indicate that the group Tc+EAE harboured significantly more CD4+ T cells of non-Treg phenotype within the affected CNS. Altogether, our results demonstrate that infection of mice with T. canis worsens the course of subsequently induced EAE. Further studies are, therefore, urgently needed to reveal the underlying pathological mechanisms and to investigate possible risks for the human population, in which exposure to T. canis is frequent.

Keywords

EAEexperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitishelminthMOGmultiple sclerosisToxocara canis
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 149 , Issue 13 , November 2022 , pp. 1720 - 1728
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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