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Toxoplasma gondii in mollusks and cold-blooded animals: a systematic review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 March 2021

Tooran Nayeri ,
Shahabeddin Sarvi  and
Ahmad Daryani Open the ORCID record for Ahmad Daryani [Opens in a new window]
Tooran Nayeri
Affiliation:
Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Shahabeddin Sarvi
Affiliation:
Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Ahmad Daryani*
Affiliation:
Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
*
Author for correspondence: Ahmad Daryani, E-mail: daryanii@yahoo.com
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Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is known for its ability to infect warm-blooded vertebrates. Although T. gondii does not appear to parasitize cold-blooded animals, the occurrence of T. gondii infection in marine mammals raises concerns that cold-blooded animals (frogs, toad, turtles, crocodiles, snakes, and fish) and shellfish are potential sources of T. gondii. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of T. gondii in mollusks and cold-blooded animals worldwide. We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to 1 August 2020 for eligible papers in the English language and identified 26 articles that reported the prevalence of T. gondii in mollusks and cold-blooded animals. These articles were subsequently reviewed and data extracted using a standard form. In total, 26 studies [involving 9 cross-sectional studies including 2988 samples of cold-blooded animals (129 positive cases for T. gondii) and 18 cross-sectional studies entailing 13 447 samples of shellfish (692 positive cases for T. gondii)] were included in this study. Although this study showed that shellfish and cold-blooded animals could be potential sources of T. gondii for humans and other hosts that feed on them, further investigations are recommended to determine the prevalence of T. gondii in shellfish and cold-blooded animals.

Keywords

Cold-bloodedfishreptileshellfishsnakeToxoplasma gondii
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 148 , Issue 8 , July 2021 , pp. 895 - 903
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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