Spinozistic Substance and Upanishadic Self1

M. S. Modak

doi:10.1017/S0031819100032393

Spinozistic Substance and Upanishadic Self1

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 February 2009

M. S. Modak

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The Upanishadic thinkers arrived at the conception of the Atman—the self—through psychological reflection. By an analysis of consciousness, they concluded that the self was the primary reality. Further, they discovered that it was the same primary reality—the same principle—that formed the basis of the Universe. In this capacity the self was called the Brahman This psychological approach to the problem of ultimate reality is characteristic of the Upanishadic philosophy. It is interesting to note that the writers of the Upanishads have also offered cosmological speculations which led them independently to the positing of absolute existence.

Type: Articles
Information: Philosophy , Volume 6 , Issue 24 , October 1931 , pp. 446 - 458

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031819100032393 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Royal Institute of Philosophy 1931

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^{page 446 note 2} Taittiriya, III. 1 (Yato va, imäni Bhutäni jäyante, etc.).

^{page 446 note 3} Chandogya, III. 14. 1.

^{page 446 note 4} Kena, III. iv.

^{page 447 note 1} Journal of Philosophical Studies, Vol. II, p. 5, “Spinoza,” by Professor Wolf, A..Google Scholar

^{page 447 note 2} Vide p. 343, Correspondence of Spinoza, Wolf, A..Google Scholar

^{page 450 note 1} A Study of the Ethics of Spinoza, p. 38.

^{page 450 note 2} Vide Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 1927.

^{page 451 note 1} Ethics, Part V, Prop. 40.

^{page 451 note 2} The Correspondence of Spinoza, Professor Wolf, , p. 301.Google Scholar

^{page 451 note 3} P. 60, vide supra.

^{page 452 note 1} P. 172, Indian Philosophy, Vol. I, Radhakrishnan, .Google Scholar

^{page 452 note 2} Isa. 15.

^{page 452 note 3} Katha. 1–2. 4. 5.

^{page 452 note 4} Chandogya 1. 1. 10.

^{page 452 note 5} Brih. 1. 3. 28.

^{page 452 note 6} Vide Professor Wolf's, paper on Spinoza in the Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 1927Google Scholar; Ranade, , Constructive Survey of the Upanishadic Philosophy, p. 227.Google Scholar

^{page 453 note 1} P. 212, Correspondence of Spinoza, Wolf, A..Google Scholar

^{page 453 note 2} P. 120, Short Treatise, Wolf, A..Google Scholar

^{page 453 note 3} P. 108, Correspondence of Spinoza, Wolf, A..Google Scholar

^{page 454 note 1} Vide p. 136, Adwaita Philosophy, Sastri, K..Google Scholar

^{page 455 note 1} Vide p. 12, Spinoza, by Sorley.

^{page 456 note 1} Vide p. 75, A Study of the Ethics of Spinoza, by Joachim, .Google Scholar

^{page 456 note 2} Vide p. 308, Correspondence of Spinoza, Wolf, A..Google Scholar

^{page 457 note 1} Vide p. 76, A Study of the Ethics of Spinoza, Joachim, .Google Scholar

^{page 457 note 2} Vide supra.

^{page 458 note 1} Vide Adwaita Philosophy, by K. Sastri.

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