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Genetic diversity of farmer-preferred cassava landraces in Tanzania based on morphological descriptors and single nucleotide polymorphisms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2015

M. K. Mtunguja ,
A. Ranjan ,
H. S. Laswai ,
Y. Muzanila ,
J. Ndunguru  and
N. R. Sinha
M. K. Mtunguja*
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA95616, USA
A. Ranjan
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA95616, USA National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi110067, India
H. S. Laswai
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania
Y. Muzanila
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania
J. Ndunguru
Affiliation:
Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 6226, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
N. R. Sinha
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA95616, USA
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: mkmtunguja@gmail.com
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Abstract

Cassava germplasm collection is important for the preservation of genetic variability, allowing the development of improved cultivars with desirable traits such as drought and disease tolerance, better starch quality and yield. Therefore, the assessment of diversity in cassava germplasm maintained by farmers is important for maintaining biodiversity and crop improvement. Herein, we report genetic diversity relationships of 52 farmer-preferred cassava landraces from the eastern zone of Tanzania based on morphological descriptors and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Cluster analysis was performed for both morphological traits (genetic distance 1.18–0.15) and SNPs (genetic distance 0.078–0.002). The analysis revealed that there were a total of 17,393 variant positions, and that several of the SNPs were distributed across all the chromosomes. The abundance of SNP varied remarkably among the 18 cassava chromosomes, with chromosome 2 having the highest number of SNPs (1335) and chromosome 18 having the lowest number of SNPs (734). The power of SNPs in distinguishing morphologically similar landraces was shown. Both analyses did not group landraces according to geographical locations, suggesting that farmers were moving cassava germplasm to different areas. Their diversity was mainly due to adaptation and preferential selection by farmers. This further implied that within a geographical location, the cultivars were more diverse and there was no misnaming of cassava cultivars by farmers. The collection revealed a wide range of genetic diversity, and represented a valuable resource for trait improvement, allowing the capture of farmer-preferred traits in future cassava breeding programmes.

Keywords

genetic diversitygenetic resourcesgenotype-by-sequencingManihot esculentanext-generation sequencingSNPs
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , April 2017 , pp. 138 - 146
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2015 

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