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Physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of durum wheat under salt stress

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 April 2021

Mohammad Mehdi Momeni ,
Mansoor Kalantar Open the ORCID record for Mansoor Kalantar [Opens in a new window]  and
Mahdi Dehghani-Zahedani
Mohammad Mehdi Momeni
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Breeding, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
Mansoor Kalantar*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Breeding, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
Mahdi Dehghani-Zahedani
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Breeding, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: mkalantar@iauyazd.ac.ir
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Abstract

The yield of durum wheat extremely reduces in response to salinity stress because of several variations in biochemical, physiological and molecular traits in this unfavorable condition. According to the agro-physiological traits under salinity stress, the most resistant and sensitive cultivars were selected from 10 genotypes of durum wheat over a period of 2 years. Afterwards, the molecular, biochemical, and physiological traits in these two genotypes were evaluated. The seedlings (3–4 leaves) were exposed to salinity through irrigating with 0.5 × Hoagland solution containing 200 mM NaCl until physiological maturity. Principal components analysis for the agronomic characteristics and stress resistance index led to identifying Behrang and Arya as the most tolerant and sensitive genotypes, respectively. In these two genotypes in response to salinity stress, osmolyte contents (proline, total soluble carbohydrates and total soluble proteins) and enzymatic antioxidant defence system activities (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase) were much higher in the most tolerant genotype than those of the sensitive cultivar. Moreover, the most tolerant genotype showed less amount of oxidative stress parameters (hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde and other aldehydes) than the sensitive one. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) and delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) genes expression increased under salinity stress (considering much higher increase in the most tolerant cultivar). Also, proline content was shown to have a significant positive correlation with P5CS and P5CR genes expression levels. Our result not only identified Behrang cultivar as a superior genotype for durum wheat breeding programs, but also represented several efficient mechanisms involved in salt tolerance.

Keywords

agronomic traitsdurum wheatmolecular responsesP5CRP5CSphysio-biochemical mechanisms
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 19 , Issue 2 , April 2021 , pp. 93 - 103
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of NIAB

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