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Plant Genetic Resources in Crop Improvement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2024

B. I. G. Haussmann ,
H. K. Parzies ,
T. Presterl ,
Z. Sušić  and
T. Miedaner
B. I. G. Haussmann*
Affiliation:
1Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
H. K. Parzies
Affiliation:
1Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
T. Presterl
Affiliation:
1Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
Z. Sušić
Affiliation:
1Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
T. Miedaner
Affiliation:
2State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
*
* Corresponding author. E-mail: haussb@uni-hohenheim.de
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Abstract

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The use of plant genetic resources (PGR) in crop improvement, followed by adoption, cultivation and consumption or marketing of the improved cultivars by farmers, is one of the most sustainable methods to conserve valuable genetic resources for the future, and simultaneously to increase agricultural production and food security. The objective of this review is to summarize issues related to the use of PGR in crop improvement. Specific topics are: definition of genetic resources for crop improvement; information sources on the internet; documentation and evaluation of PGR; access to PGR, equitable sharing of profits, and material transfer agreements; impediments to the use of PGR in crop improvement; classical methods of using PGR in crop improvement (introgression, incorporation, prebreeding and wide crosses); use of landraces in breeding for specific adaptation to stress environments; utility of molecular markers and genomic research for using PGR in crop improvement (diversity assessment, mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and marker-assisted selection (MAS), advanced backcross QTL analysis and introgression libraries, association studies and direct allele selection); and gene transfer. Practical examples or experimental results are given for most aspects.

Keywords

incorporationintrogressionmolecular markersprebreeding
Type
Review Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 2 , Issue 1 , April 2004 , pp. 3 - 21
Copyright
© NIAB 2004

Footnotes

1

Dedicated to Dr Hartwig H. Geiger, Professor of Population Genetics at University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany, on the occasion of his 65th birthday.

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