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A Study of Pope's Imitations of Horace

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

James W. Tupper
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Extract

Dr. Johnson said of Pope's Imitations of the Satires and Epistles of Horace that they “cannot give pleasure to common readers; the man of learning may be sometimes surprised and delighted by an unexpected parallel; but the comparison requires knowledge of the original, which will likewise often detect strained applications. Between Roman images and English manners there will be an irreconcileable dissimilitude, and the works will be generally uncouth and party-coloured; neither original nor translated, neither ancient nor modern.” It is not necessary to refute, what no one now maintains, that these Imitations cannot give pleasure to common readers, that they appeal only to men of learning by their unexpected parallels to the original, or that they are generally uncouth. It remains, then, to discover how far the rest of this criticism holds good as well as to investigate Pope's methods in rendering his original.

Type
Research Article
Information
PMLA , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , 1900 , pp. 181 - 215
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1900

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References

Note 1 in page 181 Johnson's Life of Pope, Arnold's ed., p. 424.

Note 2 in page 181 The Imitations are indicated by Roman numerals from i to vi, corresponding respectively to Sat. ii, i, ii; Ep. i, i, vi; ii, i, ii.

Note 3 in page 181 v, 263.

Note 4 in page 181 vi, 56, 116.

Note 1 in page 182 iv, 83.

Note 2 in page 182 v, 7.

Note 3 in page 182 v, Dedication.

Note 4 in page 182 i, 75; ii, 133-5, 154.

Note 5 in page 182 Sat. ii, i, 34.

Note 6 in page 182 i, 64.

Note 7 in page 182 Ep. ii, ii, 128.

Note 8 in page 182 vi, 185.

Note 9 in page 182 i, 76; iii, 96; v, 376.

Note 10 in page 182 i, 92; iii, 98, 119; v, 170.

Note 11 in page 182 i, 116; iii, 87.

Note 12 in page 182 i, 134.

Note 13 in page 182 iv, 101.

Note 1 in page 183 Sat. ii, i, 82.

Note 2 in page 183 i, 146. Other references to legal matters are found in ii, 172; iii, 173; v, 197; vi, 60, 127.

Note 3 in page 183 Sat. ii, i, 17.

Note 4 in page 183 i, 33. Cf. also i, 21, v, 377, and for small poets i, 140.

Note 5 in page 183 Sat. ii, i, 64.

Note 6 in page 183 i, 107. Cf. iv, 14; iii, 98; i, 39; ii, 39; iv, 49; vi, 69, 184.

Note 7 in page 183 Ep. i, vi, 31.

Note 8 in page 183 iv, 65.

Note 9 in page 183 vi, 220 f. Other references to matters ecclesiastical are, i, 110, 113, 152; ii, 80, 119; iii, 3; iv, 27, 65; v, 161, 236; vi, 62.

Note 1 in page 184 Ep. i, i, 77.

Note 2 in page 184 iii, 128. Cf. also i, 72, 103; ii, 106; v, 195.

Note 3 in page 184 i, 39.

Note 4 in page 184 So iii, 79; v, 170, 370. Cf. also iii, 139.

Note 5 in page 184 i, 99.

Note 6 in page 184 Sat. ii, i, 59.

Note 7 in page 184 iii, 82.

Note 8 in page 184 Ep. i, i, 54.

Note 9 in page 184 See E. Courthope, Pope's Works, ad. loc.

Note 10 in page 184 Ep. ii, ii, 65 f.

Note 1 in page 185 vi, 94 f. Cf. also ii, 42, 120; iii, 84, 110, 113; v, 144, 355, 419; vi, 113, 209, 232.

Note 2 in page 185 ii, 75.

Note 3 in page 185 Sat. ii, ii, 76.

Note 4 in page 185 Ep. i, i, 8.

Note 5 in page 185 iii, 15 f. Cf. also ii, 178; iii, 89.

Note 6 in page 185 Ep. i, i, 67.

Note 7 in page 185 iii, 105.

Note 8 in page 185 Ep. ii, i, 98.

Note 9 in page 185 v, 152. Cf. also vi, 11.

Note 10 in page 185 Ep. i, vi, 41.

Note 11 in page 185 iv, 87.

Note 12 in page 185 Ep. ii, i, 33.

Note 13 in page 185 v, 48. Cf. v, 161, 305, 309, 316, 326.

Note 1 in page 186 Sat. ii, ii, 16.

Note 2 in page 186 ii, 14.

Note 3 in page 186 Sal. ii, ii, 23.

Note 4 in page 186 ii, 26.

Note 5 in page 186 Sat. ii, ii, 49.

Note 6 in page 186 ii, 37.

Note 7 in page 186 Sat. ii, ii, 51.

Note 8 in page 186 ii, 41 f. Other instances of a similar character are “rank venison” (ii, 91) for Horace's “rancidum aprum” (Sat. ii, ii, 89), “fresh sturgeon and ham-pie” (ii, 103), “gudgeons, flounders,” etc. (ii, 142 f.), in the description of the poet's simple fare for Horace's list in Sat. ii, ii, 120-125; So, also, ii, 51.

Note 9 in page 186 Sat. ii, ii, 9 f.

Note 10 in page 186 ii, 11.

Note 1 in page 187 Sat. ii, i, 7.

Note 2 in page 187 Sat. ii, i, 9.

Note 3 in page 187 i, 20.

Note 4 in page 187 i, 16.

Note 5 in page 187 Ep. i, i, 91.

Note 6 in page 187 iii, 155 f.

Note 7 in page 187 Ep. ii, i, 94.

Note 8 in page 187 iii, 161.

Note 1 in page 188 Ep. ii, i, 207: Lana Tarentino violas imitata veneno.

Note 2 in page 188 v, 337.

Note 3 in page 188 iv, 33. Note, too, Pope's reference to “taste” in this connection, with which compare i, 38, where it corresponds to Horace's “Pantolabum scurram” (Sat. ii, i, 22), and ii, 112.

Note 4 in page 188 Sat. ii, i, 17.

Note 5 in page 188 i, 23.

Note 6 in page 188 i, 27.

Note 7 in page 188 i, 35. Cf. also i, 52, 111 f.; iii, 6.

Note 8 in page 188 i, 21.

Note 9 in page 188 Sat. ii, i, 24 f.

Note 1 in page 189 i, 45 f.

Note 2 in page 189 Sat. ii, i, 42 f.

Note 3 in page 189 i, 81 f.

Note 4 in page 189 i, 83 f.

Note 5 in page 189 Sat. ii, i, 53 f.

Note 6 in page 189 i, 89.

Note 7 in page 189 Sat. ii, ii, 56.

Note 8 in page 189 ii, 49.

Note 9 in page 189 ii, 64.

Note 10 in page 189 Ep. i, vi, 63.

Note 1 in page 190 iv, 118 f.

Note 2 in page 190 Ep. ii, i, 23.

Note 3 in page 190 iv, 37 f.

Note 4 in page 190 Ep. ii, i, 50.

Note 5 in page 190 v, 69.

Note 6 in page 190 v, 69.

Note 7 in page 190 v, 119; Ep. ii, i, 79.

Note 8 in page 190 v, 277; Ep. ii, i, 163.

Note 9 in page 190 Ep. ii, i, 232 f.

Note 10 in page 190 v, 380 f.

Note 11 in page 190 ii, 129 f. Cf. iii, 25 f.

Note 12 in page 190 Ep. i, i, 70.

Note 1 in page 191 iii, 112.

Note 2 in page 191 iii, 138.

Note 3 in page 191 Ep. i, i, 84.

Note 4 in page 191 Ep. ii, i, 204.

Note 5 in page 191 v, 330 f.

Note 6 in page 191 Sat. ii, i, 1 f.

Note 7 in page 191 Cf. also i, 40; v, 197.

Note 8 in page 191 i, 3.

Note 9 in page 191 Sat. ii, i, 3 f.

Note 10 in page 191 i, 5; cf. ii, 100.

Note 11 in page 191 Sat. ii, i, 23.

Note 12 in page 191 i, 42.

Note 13 in page 191 i, 100.

Note 14 in page 191 Sat. ii, i, 60.

Note 1 in page 192 iii, 16; cf. vi, 112.

Note 2 in page 192 Ep. ii, i, 9.

Note 3 in page 192 v, 416.

Note 4 in page 192 Ep. ii, i, 268.

Note 5 in page 192 Ep. ii, i, 57.

Note 6 in page 192 iii, 87 f.; cf. vi, 274-7.

Note 7 in page 192 Ep. i, i, 95.

Note 8 in page 192 iii, 164.

Note 9 in page 192 Ep. i, vi, 29.

Note 10 in page 192 iv, 56; cf. ll. 61, 64; vi, 70.

Note 11 in page 192 Ep. i, vi, 38.

Note 12 in page 192 iv, 82.

Note 13 in page 192 v, 149.

Note 14 in page 192 Ep. ii, i, 97.

Note 15 in page 192 v, 182.

Note 16 in page 192 Ep. ii, i, 114.

Note 17 in page 192 v, 213.

Note 18 in page 192 v, 230.

Note 19 in page 192 Ep. ii, i, 119.

Note 20 in page 192 vi, 234.

Note 1 in page 193 i, 14.

Note 2 in page 193 i, 71.

Note 3 in page 193 Sat. ii, i, 42.

Note 4 in page 193 Ep. i, i, 76.

Note 5 in page 193 iii, 121.

Note 6 in page 193 v, 305 f.

Note 7 in page 193 Ep. ii, i, 184.

Note 8 in page 193 v, 310, 322.

Note 9 in page 193 v, 330; cf. Ep. ii, i, 207.

Note 10 in page 193 i, 139.

Note 11 in page 193 v, 108; cf. l. 187; vi, 153.

Note 12 in page 193 v, 69.

Note 13 in page 193 ii, 79.

Note 14 in page 193 iii, 165.

Note 15 in page 193 iv, 27.

Note 1 in page 194 vi, 220.

Note 2 in page 194 i, 51.

Note 3 in page 194 Sat. ii, i, 33.

Note 1 in page 195 i, 55.

Note 2 in page 195 i, 67.

Note 3 in page 195 ii, 131 f.

Note 4 in page 195 i, 7.

Note 5 in page 195 i, 13.

Note 6 in page 195 ii, 137.

Note 7 in page 195 Sat. ii, ii, 116 f.

Note 8 in page 195 ii, 159.

Note 9 in page 195 ii, 150.

Note 10 in page 195 Hours in a Library, i, 107.

Note 1 in page 196 iii, 4.

Note 2 in page 196 v, 175.

Note 3 in page 196 Ep. ii, i, 111 f.

Note 4 in page 196 v, 358.

Note 5 in page 196 Cf. also ii, 84, 86, for additional references to his art.

Note 6 in page 196 i, 105.

Note 7 in page 196 i, 120; Sat. ii, i, 70.

Note 8 in page 196 See Leslie Stephen's interesting essay on “Pope as a Moralist” in his Hours in a Library, Vol. i.

Note 9 in page 196 Cf. i, 42, 75, 105 f., 133.

Note 1 in page 197 iii, 13.

Note 2 in page 197 iii, 17. Cf. vi, 28.

Note 3 in page 197 Cf. Ep. to Arbuthnot, l. 269.

Note 4 in page 197 v, 405 f.

Note 5 in page 197 v, 410 f.

Note 1 in page 198 ll. 2, 3, 23 f., 396 f.

Note 2 in page 198 l. 4.

Note 3 in page 198 ll. 356 f., 404.

Note 4 in page 198 Sat. ii, i, 13.

Note 5 in page 198 i, 23 f.

Note 6 in page 198 Sat. ii, i, 21 f.

Note 1 in page 199 i, 37.

Note 2 in page 199 Sat. ii, i, 60.

Note 3 in page 199 i, 97.

Note 4 in page 199 Sat. ii, i, 7.

Note 1 in page 200 i, 11 f.

Note 2 in page 200 Sat. ii, i, 64 f.

Note 3 in page 200 i, 106 f.

Note 4 in page 200 vi, 148.

Note 5 in page 200 Ep. ii, ii, 102.

Note 6 in page 200 Ep. ii, i, 117.

Note 7 in page 200 v, 189.

Note 8 in page 200 Ep. ii, ii, 206.

Note 9 in page 200 vi, 305.

Note 10 in page 200 Ep. i, vi, 57.

Note 11 in page 200 iv, 113.

Note 12 in page 200 Ep. i, vi, 3.

Note 13 in page 200 iv, 5 f.

Note 14 in page 200 Ep. ii, i, 73.

Note 15 in page 200 v, 111.

Note 1 in page 201 v, 110.

Note 2 in page 201 i, 22.

Note 3 in page 201 Sat. ii, i, 11.

Note 4 in page 201 Ibid., 61.

Note 5 in page 201 i, 103.

Note 6 in page 201 Sat. ii, ii, 76.

Note 7 in page 201 ii, 75.

Note 8 in page 201 1403 English to 884 Latin lines.

Note 9 in page 201 i, 45.

Note 1 in page 202 Sat. ii, i, 27; cf. ii, 10 (Sat. ii, ii, 3).

Note 2 in page 202 Sat. ii, ii, 115.

Note 3 in page 202 ii, 163.

Note 4 in page 202 Cf. ii, 29 (Sat. ii, ii, 63); iii, 71 (Ep. i, i, 44); v, 26 (Ep. ii, i, 19).

Note 5 in page 202 Ep. ii, i, 235 f.

Note 6 in page 202 v, 410.

Note 7 in page 202 Sat. ii, ii, 98.

Note 8 in page 202 ii, 109.

Note 1 in page 203 Ep. i, i, 20.

Note 2 in page 203 iii, 36.

Note 3 in page 203 Ep. ii, i, 53.

Note 4 in page 203 v, 75.

Note 5 in page 203 Ep. i, i, 19 f.

Note 6 in page 203 iii, 33 f.

Note 7 in page 203 Ep. i, i, 16.

Note 8 in page 203 Ep. ii, ii, 125.

Note 1 in page 204 vi, 178.

Note 2 in page 204 Sat. ii, ii, 72.

Note 3 in page 204 ii, 73.

Note 4 in page 204 i. 74.

Note 5 in page 204 Ep. ii, i, 79.

Note 6 in page 204 v, 119.

Note 7 in page 204 Ep. i, vi, 21.

Note 8 in page 204 iv, 43.

Note 9 in page 204 Sat. ii, i, 6 f.

Note 10 in page 204 i, 15.

Note 11 in page 204 Sat. ii, i, 15.

Note 12 in page 204 i, 28.

Note 13 in page 204 Sat. ii, i, 26.

Note 14 in page 204 i, 49.

Note 1 in page 205 Ep. ii, ii, 75.

Note 2 in page 205 vi, 102.

Note 3 in page 205 ii, 149.

Note 4 in page 205 Sat. ii, ii, 123.

Note 5 in page 205 Sat. ii, ii, 79.

Note 6 in page 205 ii, 80.

Note 7 in page 205 Ep. ii, ii, 138.

Note 8 in page 205 vi, 195.

Note 9 in page 205 Sat. ii, ii, 114.

Note 10 in page 205 ii, 134.

Note 1 in page 206 Ep. i, vi, 55.

Note 2 in page 206 iv, 134.

Note 3 in page 206 Could Pope's “martyr” in “For matrimonial solace dies a martyr (iii, 151) have been suggested by the form ”maritis“ in the corresponding line in Horace—”jurat bene solis esse maritis“ (Ep. i, i, 89)? or ”charity“ in ”The boys and girls whom charity maintains“ (v, 231), by ”castis“ in ”castis cum pueris“ (Ep. ii, i, 132) ? The words are like enough to make me bold in venturing the query.

Note 1 in page 207 l. 121.

Note 2 in page 207 1. 70.

Note 3 in page 207 l. 23 f.

Note 4 in page 207 l. 34 f.

Note 5 in page 207 l. 35 f.

Note 1 in page 208 Warton's Essay on Pope, i, 172.

Note 2 in page 208 Note to ll. 105-121, Elwin-Courthope, Pope, iii. See also Courthope's Introduction to this Satire, p. 278.

Note 3 in page 208 Anecdotes, p. 12.

Note 1 in page 209 Elwin-Courthope, Pope, iii, 305.

Note 2 in page 209 ll. 1-128.

Note 3 in page 209 ll. 129 to end.

Note 4 in page 209 Courthope-Elwin, Pope, iii, 304. l. 76 f.

Note 1 in page 210 l. 111 f.

Note 2 in page 210 l. 50.

Note 3 in page 210 ll. 55, 56.

Note 4 in page 210 Elwin-Courthope, Pope, iii, 328.

Note 5 in page 210 Encyclopædia Britannica, “Horace.”

Note 1 in page 211 l. 8.

Note 2 in page 211 l. 13 f.

Note 3 in page 211 ll. 45 f., 59 f., 69 f., 98 f.

Note 4 in page 211 ll. 43, 44.

Note 5 in page 211 l. 59 f.

Note 6 in page 211 ll. 97 to end.

Note 7 in page 211 Elwin-Courthope, Pope, iii, 329.

Note 8 in page 211 Elwin-Courthope, Pope, iii, 339, note.

Note 1 in page 212 Elwin-Courthope, Pope, iii, 317.

Note 2 in page 212 l. 50 f.

Note 1 in page 213 ll. 241-262.

Note 2 in page 213 ll. 263-275.

Note 3 in page 213 ll. 362-3.

Note 4 in page 213 ll. 139-188. See Elwin-Courthope, Pope, notes loc. cit.

Note 1 in page 214 l. 115 f.

Note 1 in page 215 Elwin-Courthope, Pope, iii, 388.