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Toward a Theory of the Engaging Narrator: Earnest Interventions in Gaskell, Stowe, and Eliot

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Robyn R. Warhol
Robyn R. Warhol*
Affiliation:
University of Vermont, Burlington
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Abstract

Narrative theorists generally assume that narratees in novels are distinct from actual readers, as narrators are from authors. In early novels by Stowe, Gaskell, and Eliot, however, “engaging narrators” encourage actual readers to identify with the “you” that appears in narrative interventions. These novelists explicitly hoped to stir actual readers' sympathy for real-world sufferers, possibly even to move readers to action. An engaging narrator, unlike a “distancing” one, calls the narratee “you” (not “the reader”); assumes that the narratee sympathizes with the story; claims that the characters are “real”; and consistently directs the actual reader to consider the parallels between the fiction and “real life.” Since these strategies seem to originate in certain nineteenth-century women's texts, narrative theory's omission of them may have implications for gender criticism.

Type
Research Article
Information
PMLA , Volume 101 , Issue 5 , October 1986 , pp. 811 - 818
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1986

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