Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T08:48:32.412Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Remains of non-pollen-palynomorphs – tardigrades from Spitsbergen found during pollen analyses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2016

Vlasta Jankovská ,
Milena Roszkowska  and
Łukasz Kaczmarek
Vlasta Jankovská
Affiliation:
Institute of Botany, Department of Vegetation Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Milena Roszkowska
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61–614 Poznań, Poland (kaczmar@amu.edu.pl)
Łukasz Kaczmarek
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61–614 Poznań, Poland (kaczmar@amu.edu.pl)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Pollen- and non-pollen-palynomorphs (NPP) analytical studies of the northwestern part of Spitsbergen were conducted between 1988 and 1991. As well as pollen from local native flora and more dispersed species, some well preserved remains of tardigrada exuvia, buccal tubes and eggs were found. This study reviewed the remains of at least six tardigrade taxa reported: Dactylobiotus ambiguous, Paramacrobiotus richtersi group, Richtersius coronifer, Macrobiotus hufelandi group, Macrobiotus peterseni and Minibiotus cf. intermedius, which are reassessed and determined more accurately. These findings provide some new insights into the past environmental conditions and changes for Spitsbergen. Based on the present research it can be concluded that tardigrade remains are frequent NPP elements of pollen analyses from lake, peat bogs and detritus sub-fossil sediment cores, at least in polar regions. It can also be stated that tardigrades can be considered indicators in further palaeontological studies helping to reconstruct past environmental conditions (for example humidity) for some regions. However, the knowledge of tardigrades in these types of analyses is still rather poor.

Type
Research Article
Information
Polar Record , Volume 52 , Issue 4 , July 2016 , pp. 450 - 463
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bartels, P., Pilato, G., Lisi, O. and others. 2009. Macrobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae) from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee/North Carolina, USA (North America): two new species and six new records. Zootaxa 2022: 45–57.Google Scholar
Bartoš, E. 1967. Želvušky - Tardigrada. Fauna ČSSR, Praha 17: 1–190.Google Scholar
Bernardová, A. and Košnar, J.. 2012. What do Holocene sediments in Petuniabukta, Spitsbergen reveal? Polish Polar Research 33 (4): 329–345 (doi:10.2478/v10183-012-0023-2).Google Scholar
Bertolani, R. and Grimaldi, D.. 2000. A new eutardigrade (Tardigrada: Milnesiidae) in amber from the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) of New Jersey. In: Grimaldi, D. (editor). Studies on fossils in amber, with particular reference to the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers: 103–110.Google Scholar
Bertolani, R. and Rebecchi, L.. 1993. A revision of the Macrobiotus hufelandi group (Tardigrada, Macrobiotidae), with some observations on the taxonomic characters of eutardigrades. Zoologica Scripta 22: 127–152.Google Scholar
Bertolani, R., Guidetti, R., Marchioro, T. and others. 2014. Phylogeny of Eutardigrada: New molecular data and their morphological support lead to the identification of new evolutionary lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 76: 110–126 (doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.006).Google Scholar
Binda, M.G. and Pilato, G.. 1999. Dactylobiotus lombardoi sp. n. (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Tierra del Fuego, with a key to the Dactylobiotus-species. Zoologischer Anzeiger 238: 147–155.Google Scholar
Biserov, V.I. 1998. Tardigrades of the Caucasus with a taxonomic analysis of the genus Ramazzottius (Parachela: Hypsibiidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 236: 139–159.Google Scholar
Brehm, C., Krasske, G. and Krieger, W.. 1948. Subfossile tierische reste und algen im Schwarzsee bei Kitzbuehel. Oesterreichische botanische Zeitschrift 95: 74–83.Google Scholar
Claxton, S.K. 1998. A revision of the genus Minibiotus (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) with descriptions of eleven new species from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 50: 125–160.Google Scholar
Cooper, K.W. 1964. The first fossil tardigrade: Beorn leggi Cooper from cretaceous amber. Psyche 71: 39–48.Google Scholar
Coulson, S.J., Convey, P., Aakra, K. and others. 2014. The terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate biodiversity of the archipelagoes of the Barents Sea; Svalbard, Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 68: 440–470.Google Scholar
Cromer, L., Gibson, J.A.E, McInnes, S.J. and others. 2008. Tardigrade remains from lake sediments. Journal of Paleolimnology 39: 143–150.Google Scholar
Cromer, L, Gibson, J.A.E., Swadling, K.M. and others. 2006. Evidence for a lacustrine faunal refuge in the Larsemann hills, East Antarctica, during the Last Glacial Maximum. Journal of Biogeography 33: 1314–1323.Google Scholar
Dallmann, W.K. 1999. Lithostratigraphic lexicon of Svalbard: review and recommendations for nomenclature use: Upper Palaeozoic to Quaternary bedrock. Tromso: Norsk Polarinstitutt.Google Scholar
Dastych, H. 1970. Materiały do znajomości niesporczakow (Tardigrada) Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego. Fragmenta Faunistica 16: 77–87.Google Scholar
Dastych, H. 1985. West Spitsbergen Tardigrada. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 28: 169–214.Google Scholar
Dastych, H. 1988. The Tardigrada of Poland. Monografie Fauny Polski. 16: 5–251.Google Scholar
Degma, P., Bertolani, R. and Guidetti, R.. 2009–2015. Actual checklist of Tardigrada species (2009–2015). Version 29: 15 December 2015. URL: http://www.tardigrada.modena.unimo.it/miscellanea/Actual%20checklist%20of%20Tardigrada.pdfGoogle Scholar
Degma, P. and Guidetti, R.. 2007. Notes to the current checklist of Tardigrada. Zootaxa 1579: 41–53.Google Scholar
Erdtman, G. 1960. The acetolysis method. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 54: 561–564.Google Scholar
Fontoura, P., Pilato, G. and Lisi, O.. 2008. New records of eutardigrades (Tardigrada) from Faial and Pico Islands, the Azores, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 1778: 37–47.Google Scholar
Gibson, J.A.E and Zale, R.. 2006. Holocene development of the fauna of Lake Boeckella, northern Antarctic Peninsula. Holocene 16: 625–634.Google Scholar
Gibson, J.A.E., Cromer, L., Agius, J.T. and others. 2007. Tardigrade eggs and exuviae in Antarctic lake sediments: insights into Holocene dynamics and origins of the fauna. Journal of Limnology 66 (Suppl. 1): 65–71.Google Scholar
Gómez González, C., Ruiz Zapata, M.B. and López Sáez, J.A.. 2006. Tardigrada eggs in the pollen rain of the Lazoya Valley, Madrid, Spain. Palyno-Bulletin 2 (1–4): 24–29.Google Scholar
Guidetti, R. and Bertolani, R.. 2005. Tardigrade taxonomy: an updated check list of the taxa and a list of characters for their identification. Zootaxa 845: 1–46.Google Scholar
Guidetti, R., Altiero, T., Marchioro, T. and others. 2012. Form and function of the feeding apparatus in Eutardigrada (Tardigrada). Zoomorphology 131 (2): 127–148.Google Scholar
Guidetti, R., Bertolani, R. and Rebecchi, L. 2013b. Comparative analysis of the tardigrade feeding apparatus: adaptive convergence and evolutionary pattern of the piercing stylet system. Journal of Limnology 72 (S1): 24–35.Google Scholar
Guidetti, R., Peluffo, J.R., Rocha, A.M. and others. 2013a. The morphological and molecular analyses of a new South American urban tardigrade offer new insights on the biological meaning of the Macrobiotus hufelandi group of species (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae). Journal of Natural History 47 (37–38): 2409–2426. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.800610CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guil, N. and Sanchez-Moreno, S.. 2013. Fine–scale patterns in micrometazoans: tardigrade diversity, community composition and trophic dynamics in leaf litter. Systematics and Biodiversity 11: 181–193.Google Scholar
Harland, W.B. 1997. The geology of Svalbard. London: Geological Society (Memoir 17).Google Scholar
Hohberg, K. 2006. Tardigrade species composition in young soils and some aspects on life history of Macrobiotus richtersi J. Murray, 1911. Pedobiologia 50: 267–274.Google Scholar
Hohberg, K. and Traunspurger, W.. 2005. Predator–prey interaction in soil food web: functional response, size-dependent foraging efficiency, and the influence of soil texture. Biology and Fertility of Soils 41 (6): 419–427.Google Scholar
Hesmer, H. 1929. Mikrofosilien in Torfen. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 11: 245–257.Google Scholar
Jankovská, V. 1990. The evolution of Late-Glacial and Holocene vegetation in the vicinity of Svetla and Sazavou (in the Western Forland of the Bohemian-Moravian Uplands). Folia Geobotanica and Phytotaxonomica 25: 1–25.Google Scholar
Jankovská, V. 1991. Unbekannte Objekte in Pollenpräparaten – Tardigrada. In: Kovar–Eder J. (editor): Palaeovegetational development in Europe and regions relevant to its palaeofloristic evolution. Vienna: Proceedings of the Pan-European Palaeobotanical Conference, Vienna, 19–23. September 1991 (PEPC 1991): 19–23.Google Scholar
Jankovská, V. 1995. Forest composition changes in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains during the last millennium. A palaeoecological study. Folia Geobotanica and Phytotaxonomica 30: 375–385.Google Scholar
Jankovská, V. 2006. Late Glacial and Holocene history of Plešné Lake and its surrounding landscape based on pollen and palaeoalgological analyses. Biologia. Section Zoology 61 (Suppl. 20): 371–385.Google Scholar
Jankovská, V. and Bliss, L.C.. 1972. Pollen and macroscopic analysis of the peat mound profile Truelove Lowland, Devon Island I.B.P. Project, High Arctic Ecosystem. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, (Project report 1970–1971): 105–112.Google Scholar
Jankovská, V. and Bliss, L.C.. 1977. Palynological analysis of peat from Truelove Lowland. In: Bliss, L.C. (editor): A high Arctic ecosystem Truelove Lowland, Devon Island, Canada. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press: 139–142.Google Scholar
Jankovská, V. and Kociánová, M.. 2010. Palaeoreconstruction of vegetation development of the landscape and of origin, development and collapse a dome – shaped palsa in Abisko in the Torneträsk area (Northern Sweden) in the Holocene. Opera Corcontica 47: 111–128 [in Czech].Google Scholar
Jørgensen, M. and Kristensen, R.M.. 1991. Meiofauna investigations from Igloolik, N.W.T., Arctic Canada. In: Jørgensen, M. (editor). Arctic biology course 1989, Igloolik N.W.T: Museum Tusculanum: 61–80.Google Scholar
Kaczmarek, Ł. and Michalczyk, Ł.. 2004. New records of Tardigrada from Cyprus with a description of the new species Macrobiotus marlenae (hufelandi group) (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae). Genus 15 (1): 141–152.Google Scholar
Kaczmarek, Ł and Michalczyk, Ł.. 2009. Two new species of Macrobiotidae, Macrobiotus szeptyckii (harmsworthi group) and Macrobiotus kazmierskii (hufelandi group) from Argentina. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 52B: 87–99.Google Scholar
Kaczmarek, Ł. and Michalczyk, Ł.. 2010. The genus Echiniscus Schultze 1840 (Tardigrada) in Costa Rican (Central America) rain forests with descriptions of two new species. Tropical Zoology 23 (1): 91–106.Google Scholar
Kaczmarek, Ł., Michalczyk, Ł. and McInnes, S.J.. 2014a. Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part I: Central America. Zootaxa 3763 (1): 1–62.Google Scholar
Kaczmarek, Ł., Cytan, J., Zawierucha, K. and others. 2014b. Tardigrades from Peru (South America), with descriptions of three new species of Parachela. Zootaxa 3790 (2): 357–379.Google Scholar
Kaczmarek, Ł., Gołdyn, B., Prokop, Z.M. and others. 2011. New records of Tardigrada from Bulgaria with the description of Macrobiotus binieki sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) and a key to the species of the harmsworthi group. Zootaxa 2781: 29–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaczmarek, Ł., Schabetsberger, R., Litwin, M. and others. 2012. A new freshwater eutardigrade from Fiji and Vanuatu (Oceania), with remarks on the genus Dactylobiotus. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 39 (4): 311–318.Google Scholar
Kaczmarek, Ł., Zawierucha, K., Smykla, J. and others. 2012. Tardigrada of the Revdalen (Spitsbergen) with the descriptions of two new species: Bryodelphax parvuspolaris (Heterotardigrada) and Isohypsibius coulsoni (Eutardigrada). Polar Biology 35: 1013e1026.Google Scholar
Lønne, I. and Mangerud, J.. 1991. An early or middle Weichselian sequence of proglacial, shallow marine sediments on western Svalbard. Boreas 20: 85–104.Google Scholar
Mangerud, J. and Svendsen, J.I.. 1990. Deglaciation chronology inferred from marine sediments in a proglacial lake basin, western Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Boreas 19: 249–272.Google Scholar
Marley, N.J., McInnes, S.J. and Sands, C.J. 2011. Phylum Tardigrada: a re-evaluation of the Parachela. Zootaxa 2819: 51–64.Google Scholar
Maucci, W. 1991. Tre nuove specie di eutardigradi della Groenlandia meridionale. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona 15: 279–289.Google Scholar
McInnes, S.J. 1994. Zoogeographic distribution of terrestrial /freshwater tardigrades from current literature. Journal of Natural History 28: 257–352.Google Scholar
Michalczyk, Ł., Wełnicz, W., Frohme, M. and others. 2012. Redescriptions of three Milnesium Doyere, 1840 taxa (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Milnesiidae), including the nominal species for the genus. Zootaxa 3154: 1–20.Google Scholar
Miller, W.R. and Heatwole, H.F.. 2003. Tardigrades of the sub-Antarctic: 5000 year old eggs from Marion Island. Florida: (9th International Symposium on Tardigrada): 46.Google Scholar
Montoya, E., Rull, V. and van Geel, B.. 2010. Non-pollen palynomorphs from surface sediments along an altitudinal transect of the Venezuelan Andes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 297: 169–183.Google Scholar
Murray, J. 1907. Scottish Tardigrada collected by the lake survey. Transactions Royal Society of Edinburgh 45: 641–668.Google Scholar
Nelson, D.R., Guidetti, R. and Rebecchi, L.. 2015. Phylum Tardigrada. In: Ecology and General Biology: Vol. 1: Thorp and Covich's freshwater invertebrates (4th edn): 347–380.Google Scholar
Petersen, B. 1951. The Tardigrada. Fauna of Greenland. Copenhagen(Meddelelser om Gronland 150): 1–94.Google Scholar
Pilato, G. and Binda, M.G.. 2001. Biogeography and limno-terrestrial tardigrades: are they truly incompatible binomials? Zoologischer Anzeiger 240: 511–516.Google Scholar
Pilato, G., Binda, M.G. and Lisi, O.. 2002. Notes on tardigrades of the Seychelles with the description of two new species. Bolletino della Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali Catania 35: 503–517.Google Scholar
Pilato, G., Kaczmarek, Ł., Michalczyk, Ł and others. 2003. Macrobiotus polonicus, a new species of Tardigrada from Poland (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae, ‘hufelandi group’). Zootaxa 258: 1–8.Google Scholar
Ramazzotti, G. and Maucci, W.. 1983. Il Phylum Tardigrada. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia 41: 1–1012.Google Scholar
Ramazzotti, G. and Maucci, W.. 1995. The phylum Tardigrada. (3rd Edn) (translator Beasley, C.). Abilene, USA: C. Beasley.Google Scholar
Richters, F. 1903. Nordische Tardigraden. Zoologischer Anzeiger 27: 168–172.Google Scholar
Roszkowska, M., Ostrowska, M. and Kaczmarek, Ł.. 2015. The genus Milnesium Doyère, 1840 (Tardigrada) in South America with descriptions of two new species from Argentina and discussion of the feeding behaviour in the family Milnesiidae. Zoological Studies 54: 12. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40555-014-0082-7.Google Scholar
Schill, R.O., Jonsson, K.I., Pfannkuchen, M. and others. 2011. Food of tardigrades: a case study to understand food choice, intake and digestion. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 49 (S1): 66–70.Google Scholar
Smykla, J., Kaczmarek, Ł., Huzarska, K. and others. 2011. The first record of a rare marine tardigrade, Halobiotus crispae Kristensen, 1982 (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae), from the Svalbard Archipelago. Polar Biology 34: 1243–1247.Google Scholar
Szymańska, B. 1994. The Tardigrada from Axel Heiberg Island and the associate bryophyte species. Folia Entomology Hungary 55: 359–368.Google Scholar
Vicente, F. and Bertolani, R.. 2013. Considerations on the taxonomy of the Phylum Tardigrada. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 245–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Węglarska, B. 1973. Tardigrada in High Tatra Localities bare of snow with a description of Itaquascon pawlowskii sp. nov. Vestnik Ceskoslovenske Spolecnosti Zoologicke 37: 150–154.Google Scholar
Zawierucha, K. 2013. Tardigrada from Arctic tundra (Spitsbergen) with description of Isohypsibius karenae sp. n. (Isohypsibiidae). Polish Polar Research 34 (4): 383–396.Google Scholar
Zawierucha, K., Coulson, S., Michalczyk, Ł. and others. 2013. Current knowledge of the Tardigrada of Svalbard with the first records of water bears from Nordaustlandet (High Arctic). Polar Research 32: 20886.Google Scholar
Zawierucha, K., Zmudczyńska–Skarbek, K., Kaczmarek, Ł. and others. 2015a. The influence of a seabird colony on abundance and species composition of water bears (Tardigrada) in Hornsund (Spitsbergen, Arctic). Polar Biology. DOI 10.1007/s00300-015-1827-4Google Scholar
Zawierucha, K., Smykla, J., Michalczyk, Ł. and others. 2015b. Distribution and diversity of Tardigrada along altitudinal gradients in the Hornsund, West Spitsbergen (Arctic). Polar Research 34: 24168.Google Scholar