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Earth and space observation at the German Antarctic Receiving Station O’Higgins

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 October 2014

Thomas Klügel ,
Kathrin Höppner ,
Reinhard Falk ,
Elke Kühmstedt ,
Christian Plötz ,
Andreas Reinhold ,
Axel Rülke ,
Reiner Wojdziak ,
Ulrich Balss  and
Erhard Diedrich
...Show all authors
Thomas Klügel
Affiliation:
Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy, Richard-Strauss-Allee 11, 60598 Frankfurt/Main, Germany (kluegel@fs.wettzell.de)
Kathrin Höppner
Affiliation:
German Aerospace Centre, Münchener Straße 20, 82234 Weßling, Germany
Reinhard Falk
Affiliation:
Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy, Richard-Strauss-Allee 11, 60598 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Elke Kühmstedt
Affiliation:
Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy, Richard-Strauss-Allee 11, 60598 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Christian Plötz
Affiliation:
Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy, Richard-Strauss-Allee 11, 60598 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Andreas Reinhold
Affiliation:
Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy, Richard-Strauss-Allee 11, 60598 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Axel Rülke
Affiliation:
Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy, Richard-Strauss-Allee 11, 60598 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Reiner Wojdziak
Affiliation:
Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy, Richard-Strauss-Allee 11, 60598 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Ulrich Balss
Affiliation:
German Aerospace Centre, Münchener Straße 20, 82234 Weßling, Germany
Erhard Diedrich
Affiliation:
German Aerospace Centre, Münchener Straße 20, 82234 Weßling, Germany
Michael Eineder
Affiliation:
German Aerospace Centre, Münchener Straße 20, 82234 Weßling, Germany
Hennes Henniger
Affiliation:
German Aerospace Centre, Münchener Straße 20, 82234 Weßling, Germany
Robert Metzig
Affiliation:
German Aerospace Centre, Münchener Straße 20, 82234 Weßling, Germany
Peter Steigenberger
Affiliation:
German Aerospace Centre, Münchener Straße 20, 82234 Weßling, Germany
Christoph Gisinger
Affiliation:
Institut für Astronomische und Physikalische Geodäsie, Technische Universität München, 80290 München, Germany
Harald Schuh
Affiliation:
Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Johannes Böhm
Affiliation:
Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstraße 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
Roopesh Ojha
Affiliation:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, U.S.A.
Matthias Kadler
Affiliation:
Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
Angelika Humbert
Affiliation:
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Matthias Braun
Affiliation:
Institut für Geographie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, PB 3520, 91023 Erlangen, Germany
Jing Sun
Affiliation:
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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Abstract

The German Antarctic Receiving Station (GARS) O’Higgins at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula is a dual purpose facility for earth observation and has existed for more than 20 years. It serves as a satellite ground station for payload data downlink and telecommanding of remote sensing satellites as well as a geodetic observatory for global reference systems and global change. Both applications use the same 9 m diameter radio antenna. Major outcomes of this usage are summarised in this paper.

The satellite ground station O’Higgins (OHG) is part of the global ground station network of the German Remote Sensing Data Centre (DFD) operated by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). It was established in 1991 to provide remote sensing data downlink support within the missions of the European Remote Sensing Satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2. These missions provided valuable insights into the changes of the Antarctic ice shield. Especially after the failure of the on-board data recorder, OHG became an essential downlink station for ERS-2 real-time data transmission. Since 2010, OHG is manned during the entire year, specifically to support the TanDEM-X mission. OHG is a main dump station for payload data, monitoring and telecommanding of the German TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X satellites.

For space geodesy and astrometry the radio antenna O’Higgins significantly improves coverage over the southern hemisphere and plays an essential role within the global Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) network. In particular the determination of the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) and the sky coverage of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) benefit from the location at a high southern latitude. Further, the resolution of VLBI images of active galactic nuclei (AGN), cosmic radio sources defining the ICRF, improves significantly when O’Higgins is included in the network. The various geodetic instrumentation and the long time series at O’Higgins allow a reliable determination of crustal motions. VLBI station velocities, continuous GNSS measurements and campaign-wise absolute gravity measurements consistently document a vertical rate of about 5 mm/a. This crustal uplift is interpreted as an elastic rebound due to ice loss as a consequence of the ice shelf disintegration in the Prince Gustav Channel in the late 1990s.

The outstanding location on the Antarctic continent and its year-around operation make GARS O’Higgins in future increasingly attractive for polar orbiting satellite missions and a vitally important station for the global VLBI network. Future plans call for the development of an observatory for environmentally relevant research. That means that the portfolio of the station will be expanded including the expansion of the infrastructure and the construction and operation of new scientific instruments suitable for long-term measurements and satellite ground truthing.

Type
Research Article
Information
Polar Record , Volume 51 , Issue 6 , November 2015 , pp. 590 - 610
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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