Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T13:03:54.419Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Satellite remote sensing of polar snow and ice: present status and future directions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2009

Robert Massom
Affiliation:
Antarctic CRC, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia

Abstract

Polar snow and ice masses exert a profound influence on global climate and ocean circulation, and are in turn influenced by climate. Satellite remote sensing constitutes the only practical and systematic means of gaining long-term overviews of any change or variability that may be occurring in key snow and ice parameters. Current relevant satellite sensors are reviewed and future developments evaluated to determine how these may lead to improved retrievals of the key parameters. Sensors to be launched on satellite platforms planned for the end of the century and beyond include both improved versions of existing sensors (such as MODIS) and new classes of sensors (such as imaging spectrometers and laser rangers/altimeters) applied to polar remote sensing for the first time.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allison, I., Brandt, R.E., and Warren, S.G.. 1993. East Antarctic sea ice: albedo, thickness distribution and snow cover. Journal of Geophysical Research 98: 12,417–12,429.Google Scholar
Asrar, G., and Dokken, D.J.. 1993. EOS reference handbook. Washington, DC: NASA.Google Scholar
Bindschadler, R. (editor). 1990. SeaRISE:a multidisciplinary research initiative to predict rapid changes in global sea level caused by collapse of marine ice sheets. Washington, DC: NASA (NASA Conference Publication 3075).Google Scholar
Bindschadler, R.A., and Vomberger, P.L.. 1990. AVHRR imagery reveals Antarctic ice dynamics. EOS. Transactions, American Geophysical Union 71 (23): 741742.Google Scholar
Burns, B.A. 1993. Comparison of SSM/I ice-concentration algorithms for the Weddell Sea. Annals of Glaciology 17:344350.Google Scholar
Carsey, F.D. (editor). 1992. Microwave remote sensing of sea ice. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union (Geophysical Monograph 68).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casassa, G., and Brecher, H.H.. 1993. Relief and decay of flow stripes on Byrd Glacier, Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology 17: 255261.Google Scholar
Cohen, S., Degnan, J., Bufton, J., Garvin, J., and Abshire, J.. 1987. The Geoscience Laser Altimetry/Ranging System. IEEE Transactions in Geoscience Remote Sensing GE-25: 581592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, M.J. 1992. Information fusion in sea ice remote sensing. In: Carsey, F.D. (editor). Microwave remote sensing of sea ice. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union (Geophysical Monograph 68): 431441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comiso, J.C. 1986. Characteristics of Arctic winter sea ice from satellite multispectral microwave observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 91 (C1): 975994.Google Scholar
Comiso, J.C., Maynard, N.G., Smith, W.O., and Sullivan, C.W.. 1990. Satellite ocean color studies of Antarctic ice edges in summer and autumn. Journal of Geophysical Research 95: 94819496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comiso, J.C., and Sullivan, C.W.. 1986. Satellite microwave and in-situ observations of the Weddell Sea ice cover and its marginal ice zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 91: 96639681.Google Scholar
Drinkwater, M.R., Kwok, R., Rignot, E., Israelsson, H., Onstott, R.G., and Winebrenner, D.P.. 1992. Potential applications of polarimetry to the classification of sea ice. In: Carsey, F.D. (editor). Microwave remote sensing of sea ice. Washington DC: American Geophysical Union (Geophysical Monograph 68): 419430.Google Scholar
Drinkwater, M.R., Long, D.G., and Early, D.S.. 1993. Enhanced-resolution ERS-1 scatterometer imaging of Southern Ocean sea ice. ESA Journal 17 (41): 307322.Google Scholar
European Space Agency. 1992a. Space at the service of our environment: proceedings of the first ERS-1 symposium, 4–6 November 1992, Cannes. Paris: European Space Agency (ESA SP-359).Google Scholar
European Space Agency. 1992b. ERS-1 user handbook. Paris: European Space Agency (ESA SP-1148).Google Scholar
Fahnestock, M., Bindschadler, R.A., Kwok, R., and Jezek, K.. 1993. Greenland Ice Sheet surface properties and ice dynamics from ERS-1 SAR imagery. Science 262: 15301534.Google Scholar
Fetterer, F., and Hawkins, J.. 1993. Data set of Arctic AVHRR imagery for the study of leads. Annals of Glaciology 17: 398404.Google Scholar
Gloersen, P., Campbell, W.J., Cavalieri, D.J., Comiso, J.C., Parkinson, C.L., and Zwally, H.J.. 1992. Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, 1978–87: satellite passive microwave observations and analysis. Washington, DC: NASA (NASA SP-511).Google Scholar
Goldstein, R.M., Engelhardt, H., Kamb, B., and Frolich, R.M.. 1993. Satellite radar interferometry for monitoring ice sheet motion: application to an Antarctic ice stream. Science 262: 15251534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, A.L. 1992. The Southern Ocean: its involvement in global change. In: Weller, G., Wilson, C.L., and Severin, B.A. (editors). International conference on the role of the polar regions in global change: proceedings of a conference at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Fairbanks: Geophysical Institute and Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research: 249255.Google Scholar
Gurney, R.J., Foster, J.L., and Parkinson, C.L (editors). 1993. Atlas of satellite observations related to global change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Haefliger, M., Steffen, K., and Fowler, C.. 1993. AVHRR surface temperature and narrow-band albedo comparison with ground measurements for the Greenland Ice Sheet. Annals of Glaciology 17: 4954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, D.K., Foster, J.L., Irons, J.R., and Dabney, P.W.. 1993. Airborne bidirectional radiances of snow-covered surfaces in Montana, USA. Annals of Glaciology 17: 3540.Google Scholar
Hartl, P., Thiel, K.-H., Wu, X., Doake, C., and Sievers, J.. 1994. Application of SAR interferometry with ERS-1 in the Antarctic. ESA Earth Observation Quarterly 43: 14.Google Scholar
Hawkins, J.D., and Fetterer, F.. 1991. Digital DMSP OLS fine imagery sea ice applications. In: Richardson, F. (editor). 2nd WMO Operational Ice Remote Sensing Workshop: abstracts and papers. Ottawa: Atmosphere Environment Service, Canada: 153155.Google Scholar
Holt, B., Kwok, R., and Shimada, J.. 1990. Ocean wave products from the Alaska SAR Facility Geophysical Processor System. In: Remote sensing for the nineties: proceedings of IGARSS '90 symposium. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE Publication 90CH2825-8): II, 14691472.Google Scholar
Houghton, J.T., Jenkins, G.J., and Ephraums, J.J.. 1990. Climate change: the IPCC scientific assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jezek, K., and Carsey, F.D. (editors). 1993. Radarsat: the Antarctic mapping project. Columbus, Ohio: Byrd Polar Research Center (Report 6).Google Scholar
Jezek, K.C., Cavalieri, D.J., and Hogan, A.. 1990. Antarctic ice sheet brightness temperature variations. CRREL Monograph 90-1: 217223.Google Scholar
Karnevi, S., Dean, E., Carter, D.J.Q., and Hartley, S.S.. 1993. Envisat's Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar: ASAR. ESA Bulletin 76: 3035.Google Scholar
Key, J., and Haefliger, M.. 1992. Arctic ice surface temperature retrieval from AVHRR thermal channels. Journal of Geophysical Research 97 (D5): 58855893.Google Scholar
King, M.D., Kaufman, Y.J., Menzel, W.P., and Tanré, D.. 1992. Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol and water vapor properties from MODIS. IEEE Transactions in Geoscience and Remote Sensing 30 (1): 227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwok, R., Curlander, J.C., McConnell, R., and Pang, S.. 1990. An ice motion tracking system at the Alaska SAR Facility. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering: 15 (1): 4455.Google Scholar
Kwok, R., Rignot, E., Holt, B., and Onstott, R.. 1992. Identification of sea ice types in spaceborne synthetic aperture radar data. Journal of Geophysical Research 97 (C2): 23912402.Google Scholar
Lindsay, R., and Rothrock, D.. 1993. The calculation of surface temperature and albedo of Arctic sea ice from AVHRR. Annals of Glaciology 17: 391397.Google Scholar
Massom, R.A. 1988. The biological significance of open water within the sea ice covers of both polar regions. Endeavour (new series) 12 (1): 2127.Google Scholar
Massom, R.A. 1991. Satellite remote sensing of polar regions: applications, limitations and data availability. London: Belhaven Press; Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.Google Scholar
Massom, R.A., and Comiso, J.C.. 1994. The classification of Arctic sea ice types and the determination of surface temperature using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data. Journal of Geophysical Research 99 (C3): 52015218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maykut, G. 1985. Large-scale heat exchange and ice production in the central Arctic. Journal of Geophysical Research 87 (C10): 79717984.Google Scholar
Mitnik, L.M., and Kalmykov, A.I.. 1992. Structure and dynamics of the Sea of Okhotsk marginal ice zone from ‘Okean’ satellite radar sensing data. Journal of Geophysical Research 97 (C5): 74297445.Google Scholar
Mote, T.L., Anderson, M.R., Kuivinen, K.C., and Rowe, C.M.. 1993. Passive microwave-derived spatial and temporal variations of summer melt on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Annals of Glaciology 17: 233238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NASA. 1987. HIRIS: High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer: science opportunities for the 1990s. Washington, DC: NASA (NASA Earth Observing System Instrument Panel Report llc).Google Scholar
National Snow and Ice Data Center. 1992. DMSP SSM/I brightness temperature and sea ice concentration grids for the polar regions on CD-ROM user's guide. Boulder: CIRES, University of Colorado (National Snow and Ice Data Center Special Report 1).Google Scholar
Onstott, R.G., and Shuchman, R.A.. 1993. Arctic sea ice microwave signature and geophysical processes study. In: European Space Agency. Space at the service of our environment: proceedings of the first ERS-1 symposium, 4–6 November 1992, Cannes. Paris: European Space Agency (ESA SP-359): 329332.Google Scholar
Parkinson, C.L. 1991. Strengths and weaknesses of sea ice as a potential early indicator of climate change. In: Weller, G., Wilson, C.L. and Severin, B.A. (editors). International conference on the role of the polar regions in global change: proceedings of a conference at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Fairbanks: Geophysical Institute and Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research: 1721.Google Scholar
Rapley, C.G., Bamber, J.L., Morley, J.G., Ridley, J.K., Laxon, S.W., Mantripp, D., Mansley, J.A.D., and Wingham, D.J.. 1992. Analysis of ERS-1 altimeter data over polar ice sheets. In: Space at the service of our environment: proceedings of the first ERS-1 symposium, 4–6 November 1992, Cannes. Paris: European Space Agency (ESA SP-359): 235240.Google Scholar
Resti, A. 1993. Envisat's radar altimeter: RA-2. ESA Bulletin 76: 5860.Google Scholar
Rott, H., Sturm, K., and Miller, H.. 1993. Active and passive microwave signatures of Antarctic firn by means of field measurements and satellite data. Annals of Glaciology 17: 337343.Google Scholar
Salomonson, V.V., and Toll, D.L.. 1991. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer-Nadir (MODIS-N) Facility Instrument. Advances in Space Research 11 (3): 231236.Google Scholar
Scambos, T.A. 1993. 1-km polar AVHRR archive. NSIDC Notes Fall 1993:4.Google Scholar
Scambos, T.A., and Bindschadler, R.A.. 1993. Complex ice stream flow revealed by sequential satellite imagery. Annals of Glaciology 17: 177182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. 1992. The role of the Antarctic in global change. Cambridge: Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research.Google Scholar
Serreze, M.C., Maslanik, J. A., Scharfen, G.R., Barry, R.G., and Robinson, D.A.. 1993. Interannual variations in snow melt over Arctic sea ice and relationships to atmospheric forcings. Annals of Glaciology 17: 327331.Google Scholar
Shuman, C.A., Alley, R.B., and Anandakrishnan, S.. 1993. Characterization of a hoar-development episode using SSM/I brightness temperatures in the vicinity of the GISP2 site, Greenland. Annals of Glaciology 17:183188.Google Scholar
Steffen, K., and 11 authors. 1993. Snow and ice applications of AVHRR in polar regions: report of a workshop held in Boulder, Colorado, 20 May 1992. Annals of Glaciology 17: 116.Google Scholar
Steffen, K., and Heinrichs, J.. 1993. Surface process study of the Lady Ann Strait polynya with ERS-1 SAR imagery. Unpublished paper presented at 1993 AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Steffen, K., and Schweiger, A.. 1991. NASA team algorithm for sea ice concentration retrieval from DMSP SSM/I: comparison with Landsat satellite imagery. Journal of Geophysical Research 96 (C12): 21,971–21,987.Google Scholar
Swithinbank, C. 1988. Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world: Antarctica. Reston, Virginia: US Geological Survey (US Geological Survey Professional Paper No. 1386-B).Google Scholar
Thomas, D.R., and Rothrock, D.A.. 1989. Blending sequential Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer and buoy data into a sea ice model. Journal of Geophysical Research 94 (C8): 10,907–10,920.Google Scholar
Thorndike, A.S., Parkinson, C., and Rothrock, D.A.. 1992. Report of the sea ice thickness workshop. 19–21 November 1991, New Carrollton, Maryland. Seattle: Polar Science Center, University of Washington.Google Scholar
Wensnahan, M.R., Maykut, G.A., Grenfell, T.C., and Winebrenner, D.P.. 1993. Passive microwave remote sensing of thin sea ice using principal component analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research 98 (C7): 12,453–12,468.Google Scholar
Winebrenner, D.P., Nelson, E.D., Colony, R., and West, R.D.. 1994. Observation of melt onset on multiyear Arctic sea ice using ERS-1 SAR. Journal of Geophysical Reseach 99 (C11): 22,425–22,441.Google Scholar
Wood, K. 1994. New data collection network improves USAP ship operations. Antarctic Journal of the US 28 (4): 46.Google Scholar
World Meteorological Organisation. 1992a. Scientific concept of the Arctic climate system study. Geneva: World Meteorological Organisation (World Climate Research Programme Report 72).Google Scholar
World Meteorological Organisation. 1992b. Radiation and climate. Geneva: World Meteorological Organisation (World Climate Research Programme Report 69).Google Scholar
Zwally, H.J. 1977. Microwave emissivity and accumulation rate of polar firn. Journal of Glaciology 18 (79): 195215.Google Scholar
Zwally, H.J., Comiso, J.C., Parkinson, C.L., Campbell, W.J., Carsey, F.D., and Gloersen, P.. 1983. Antarctic sea ice, 1973–1976: satellite passive-microwave observations. Washington, DC: NASA (NASA SP-459).Google Scholar