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The Techno-Thriller in the Classroom: Red Storm Rising as a Guide to World War III

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 October 2015

James J. Wirtz*
Affiliation:
Franklin & Marshall College

Extract

Most of the literature in the field of international security studies does not focus on the details of battlefield operations or the use of weapons in combat. The American military is usually left alone to devise effective tank tactics or solutions to the problems encountered as pilots attempt to place bombs on a target. Scholars increasingly realize, however, that theoretical work must reflect the reality of the battlefield and likely operational constraints. For example, recent explorations of the intricacies of nuclear operations have influenced the way analysts view the problem of deterrence. To be useful, theories and policy prescriptions must respond to the prevailing conditions on the battlefield.

When it becomes necessary to integrate operational considerations into theoretical work, scholars often turn to members of the military to determine if highly touted weapons perform “as advertised,” or to discover the potential limitations of tactics described in current manuals. Within the constraints created by issues of secrecy, officers and enlisted personnel usually are flattered by the interest taken in their profession and are forthcoming in supplying detailed answers to operational questions. Orgahized tours of military facilities also provide an opportunity to examine military hardware at close range and often lead to a fruitful exchange of ideas, especially after the conclusion of the formal presentations. Still, the information gathered from contacts with soldiers and sailors is largely anecdotal and limited to the general experiences of the individuals questioned.

Type
For the Classroom
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1989

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References

Notes

1. On this point see Nye, Joseph S. Jr. and Lynn-Jones, Sean M., “International Security Studies: A Report of a Conference on the State of the Field,” International Security (Spring 1988), p. 7Google Scholar.

2. For recent examples of this type of analysis see Carter, Ashton B., Steinbrunner, John and Zraket, Charles A. (eds.), Managing Nuclear Operations (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1987)Google Scholar; and Lebow, Richard Ned, Nuclear Crisis Management (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987)Google Scholar.

3. Howard, Michael, War in European History (New York: Oxford University Press, 1976)Google Scholar; Blainey, Geoffrey, The Causes of War (New York: The Free Press, 1973)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Keegan, John, The Face of Battle (New York: Viking Penguin, 1978)Google Scholar; Luttwak, Edward N., Strategy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987)Google Scholar; and Freedman, Lawrence, The Evolution of Nucle Strategy (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983)Google Scholar.

4. Van Creveld, Martin, Command in War (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985)Google Scholar; and Gilpin, Robert, War and Change in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

5. Clancy might have been inspired by the positive popular response which greeted a work produced in the late 1970s which also attempted to depict the likely course of WWIII, especially if certain procurement policies were followed, see SirHackett, General Johnet al., The Third World War August 1985 (New York: MacMillan, 1978)Google Scholar. Another novel often compared to Clancy's work is Coonts, Stephen, Flight of the Intruder (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1986)Google Scholar.

6. Clancy has described his view of the American military: “My message is positive. They [the military] do the same work as police officers or firemen, they risk their lives for people they don't know. As a consequence, they deserve the same respect we give a cop or a fireman. Just treat'em decently, treat'em honestly. Reporters treat the military like drunken Nazis. They're the most loyal friends you can have. They're my kind of people. We share the same value structure,” quoted in Anderson, Patrick, “King of the ‘Techno-Thriller,’New York Times Sunday Magazine (May 1, 1988), p. 54Google Scholar.

7. Clancy, Tom, Red Storm Rising (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1986)Google Scholar; for a description of the “research” conducted by Clancy in writing his novels see Pear, Robert, “For the Patient Reader, Military Secrets are Self-Revealing,” New York Times (August 30, 1987), Sec. IV, p. 5Google Scholar; and Lekachman, Robert, “Virtuous Men and Perfect Weapons,” New York Times (July 27, 1986), Sec. VII, p. 7Google Scholar.

8. For a discussion of this “action-reaction” sequence in weapons innovation see Luttwak, , Strategy, pp. 2728Google Scholar.

9. Handel, Michael I., “Technological Surprise in War,” Intelligence and National Security (January 1987), pp. 4041Google Scholar.

10. During the Second World War, the torpedoes used by U.S. submarines did not work because of design defects. The problems, located in the warhead detonator and depth-control mechanism, were not sorted out until the fall of 1943; see Morison, Samuel Eliot, The Two-ocean War (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1963), pp. 495496Google Scholar.

11. Betts, Richard, Surprise Attack (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1982), p. 175Google Scholar.

12. Clancy, , Red Storm Rising, p. 648Google Scholar.

13. According to Albert Wohlstetter and Richard Brody: “The familiar scenarios for motivating a conflict between the Soviet Union and members of NATO, it is often remarked, have been extremely artificial. Their authors find it hard to imagine anyone deliberately starting a war between NATO and the Warsaw Pact,” see Wohlstetter, Albert and Brody, Richard, “Continuing Control as a Requirement for Deterring,” in Carter, et al. (eds.), Managing Nuclear Operations, p. 159Google Scholar.

14. In Hackett's novel, a limited nuclear exchange sparks uprisings in the U.S.S.R. and a mutiny of Polish Army units, leading to a full blown Ukrainian revolt against the Soviets. The Soviet Union disintegrates and NATO is left to negotiate with a rump Russian state, see Hackett, et al., The Third World War, pp. 304309Google Scholar.

15. Glen Palmer, who was kind enough to comment on this article, assured me that he would never read another novel written by Tom Clancy after finishing The Cardinal of the Kremlin, a thinly disguised polemic for SDI.

16. This is how Viscount Esher, a member of the British Committee of Imperial Defense, described the attitude of many of his countrymen in August of 1914, see Blainey, , The Causes of War, pp. 3738Google Scholar.