Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T09:17:37.342Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

X-ray powder diffraction data for selected metal soaps

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2012

Marie-Claude Corbeil  and
Laurianne Robinet
Marie-Claude Corbeil*
Affiliation:
Analytical Research Laboratory, Canadian Conservation Institute, Department of Canadian Heritage, 1030 Innes Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0M5, Canada
Laurianne Robinet
Affiliation:
Conservation Research, The British Museum, Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3DG, United Kingdom
*
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: marie-claude_corbeil@pch.gc.ca
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In order to better characterize metal soaps found in paint films or on metal surfaces, several metal soaps were synthesized and their X-ray powder diffraction patterns measured. Metal soaps were obtained from four different fatty acids found in drying oils, two saturated (palmitic and stearic acids) and two unsaturated (oleic and linoleic acids), and from copper, zinc, and lead, three metals that are typically found in metal alloys and paint systems. X-ray powder diffraction data are reported for the following compounds: palmitic acid, stearic acid, zinc palmitate, zinc stearate, zinc oleate, zinc linoleate, copper palmitate, copper stearate, copper oleate, lead palmitate, lead stearate, and lead oleate. Features that are characteristic of specific compounds were observed. Soaps obtained from different fatty acids with the same metal ion show differences, as do soaps obtained with the same fatty acid but with different metal ions. Differences were observed when X-ray powder diffraction data obtained for stearic acid and zinc stearate were compared to published data for these two compounds (PDF 38-1923 and 5-0079, respectively). In the case of stearic acid, differences could be explained by the fact that the specimen reported previously in PDF 38-1923 was likely contaminated with palmitic acid. In the case of zinc stearate, low angle data were missing from the original pattern PDF 5-0079 and peaks that were reported in other angular regions in fact consisted in more peaks that were not resolved due to broadening.

Keywords

metal palmitatemetal stearatemetal oleatemetal linoleateX-ray powder diffraction
Type
New Diffraction Data
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 17 , Issue 1 , March 2002 , pp. 52 - 60
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bell, S. H. (1970). “Controlling loss of gloss,” Paint Varn. Prod. PVPMAH 60, 55–60.Google Scholar
Burmester, A., and Koller, J. (1987). “Known and new corrosion products on bronzes: Their identification and assessment, particularly in relation to organic protective coatings,” in Recent Advances in the Conservation and Analysis of Artifacts (Summer Schools Press, London), pp. 97–104.Google Scholar
Gunn, M. and Martin, E. (2000). “Mécanisme d’altération d’un alliage cuivreux en présence d’un liant huileux,” in Art et Chimie, La Couleur, edited by J. Goupy and J.-P. Mohen (CNRS éditions, Paris), pp. 141–145.Google Scholar
Herron, R. C. and Pink, R. C. (1956). “Magnetic properties of some metal carboxylates,” J. Chem. Soc. 3948–3952.Google Scholar
Horovitz, I. (1986). “Paintings on copper supports: Techniques, deterioration and conservation,” The Conservator ZZZZZZ 10, 44–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koenig, A. E. (1914). “On the stearates and palmitates of the heavy metals with remarks concerning instantaneous precipitations in insulating solutions,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. JACSAT 36, 951–961. acs, JACSAT CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Licata, F. J. (1957). “Some metallic soaps used in the protective coatings industry,” Off. Dig. ODSPA6 388, 485–491.Google Scholar
Michell, E. W. J., and Ng, K. Y. (1982). “X-ray powder diffraction studies of basic lead carbonate as a stabilizer in plasticized polyvinyl chloride,” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. JCTBED 32, 382–392. 375, JCTBED CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noble, P., Wadum, J., Groen, K., Heeren, R., and van den Berg, K. J. (2000). “Aspects of 17th century binding medium: Inclusions in Rembrandt’s Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp,” in Art et Chimie, La Couleur, edited by J. Goupy and J.-P. Mohen (CNRS éditions, Paris), pp. 126–129.Google Scholar
O’Neill, L. A., and Brett, R. A. (1969). “Chemical reactions in paint films,” J. Oil Colour Chem. Ass. JOCCAB 52, 1054–1074.Google Scholar
Rinse, J. (1967). “Metal soaps,” Am. Paint J. 22–28.Google Scholar
Schrenk, J. L. (1991). “Corrosion and past ‘Protective’ treatments of the Benin ‘Bronzes’ in the National Museum of African Art,” in Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology II, edited by P. B. Vandiver, J. Druzik, and G. S. Wheeler (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh), pp. 805–812.Google Scholar
Schrenk, J. L. (1994). “The royal art of Benin: Surfaces, past and present,” in Ancient and Historic Metals: Conservation and Scientific Research (Getty Conservation Institute, Marina del Rey), pp. 51–62.Google Scholar
Stommen, D. P., Giroud-Godquin, A.-M., Maldivi, P., Marchon, J.-C., and Marchon, B. (1987). “Vibrational studies of some dicopper tetracarboxylates which exhibit a thermotropic columnar mesophase,” Liq. Cryst. LICRE6 2, 689–699. lic, LICRE6 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tachibana, T., Kayama, K., and Takeno, H. (1972). “Studies of helical aggregates of molecules. III. The bivalent metal soaps of optically active 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid,” Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. BCSJA8 45, 415–422. bcs, BCSJA8 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tandon, P., Förster, G., Neubert, R., and Wartewig, S. (2000). “Phase transitions in oleic acid by X-ray diffraction and FT-Raman spectroscopy,” J. Mol. Struct. JMOSB4 524, 201–215. jmb, JMOSB4 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tilbrooke, D. (1980). “The fatty acid corrosion of copper alloys and its treatment,” ICCM Bull. ZZZZZZ 6, 46–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Niekerk, J. N., and Schoening, F. R. L. (1953). “A new type of copper complex as found in the crystal structure of cupric acetate, Cu2(CH3COO)4·2H2O,” Acta Crystallogr. ACCRA9 6, 227–232. acc, ACCRA9 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, M., and Xiao, C. (1998). “New technology for synthesis of calcium/zinc stearate by saponification,” (title translated from Chinese) China Surfactant Detergent and Cosmetics ZZZZZZ 5, 19–21.Google Scholar