Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T14:26:24.270Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Preconcentration of environmental waters by agar for XRF analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Kazuhiko Nakano ,
Kenta Okubo  and
Kouichi Tsuji
Kazuhiko Nakano*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan. JST-Innovation Plaza Osaka, 3-1-10 Technostage, Izumi-city, Osaka 594-1144, Japan
Kenta Okubo
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
Kouichi Tsuji*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
*
a)Electronic mail: nakano@a-chem.eng.osaka-cu.ac.jp
b)Electronic mail: tsuji@a-chem.eng.osaka-cu.ac.jp
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We have developed a convenient and effective XRF analysis procedure for trace amount of K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in environmental waters by using a preconcentration using the natural polymer (agar). The thin agar film was prepared by drying a homogeneous agar gel after mixing the aqueous sample solution with the agar powder. XRF analysis of the preconcentrated thin agar films containing trace metals showed a good repeatability because agar films were homogeneous enough. SB (signal to noise) ratios of the XRF intensity of the analytes were improved drastically. The linear calibration curves of K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb showed a good linearity within the calibration ranges. The lower limits of detection (LLD) were 1.4 μg/mL for K, 0.26 μg/mL for Ca, 0.088 μg/mL for V, 0.029 μg/mL for Mn, 0.11 μg/mL for Fe, 0.016 μg/mL for Ni, 0.030 μg/mL for Cu, 0.017 μg/mL for Zn, 0.20 μg/mL for Cd, and 0.066 μg/mL for Pb, respectively. The proposed preconcentration method was applied to several environmental water samples.

Keywords

XRF analysispreconcentrationenvironmental wateragar
Type
X-Ray Fluorescence
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 24 , Special Issue 2 , June 2009 , pp. 135 - 139
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abe, W., Isaka, S., Koike, Y., Nakano, K., Fujita, K., and Nakamura, T. (2006). “X-ray fluorescence analysis of trace metals in environmental water using preconcentration with an iminodiacetate extraction disk,” XRay Spectrom. 35, 184–189.10.1002/xrs.892CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akagi, T., Fuwa, K., and Haraguchi, H. (1985). “Simultaneous multi-element determination of trace metals in sea water by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after coprecipitation with gallium,” Anal. Chim. ActaACACAM 177, 139–151.10.1016/S0003-2670(00)82946-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, W. J., Spano, E. F., and Green, T. E. (1966). “Micro and trace analysis by a combination of ion exchange resin-loaded papers and X-ray spectrography,” Anal. Chem.ANCHAM 38, 987–996.10.1021/ac60240a013CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eksperiandova, L. P., Blank, A. B., and Makarovskya, Y. N. (1999). “Peculiarities of making gel-like specimens for X-ray fluorescence analysis,” XRay Spectrom. 28, 24–26.10.1002/(SICI)1097-4539(199901/02)28:1<24::AID-XRS301>3.0.CO;2-23.0.CO;2-2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eksperiandova, L. P., Blank, A. B., and Makarovskya, Y. N. (2002). “Analysis of waste water by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,” XRay Spectrom. 31, 259–263.10.1002/xrs.533Google Scholar
Matsuda, A., Nodera, Y., Nakano, K., and Tsuji, K. (2008). “X-ray energy dependence of the properties of the focused beams produced by polycapillary X-ray lens,” Anal. Sci.ANSCEN 24, 843–846.10.2116/analsci.24.843Google Scholar
Meltzer, C. and King, B. -S. (1991). “Trace element analysis of solutions at the PPB level,” Adv. X-Ray Anal.AXRAAA 34, 41–55.Google Scholar
Nakamura, T., Hayakawa, T., Masaki, K., and Sato, J. (1988). “Determination of Na, Mg, Al, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, and Fe in hot-spring water by X-ray fluorescence analysis,” Onsen Kogakkaishi 22, 1–7.Google Scholar
Nakano, K. and Tsuji, K. (2006). “Development of confocal 3D micro XRF spectrometer and its application to rice grain,” Bunseki KagakuBNSKAK 55, 427–432.10.2116/bunsekikagaku.55.427Google Scholar
Pavels, J. and Frey, U. (1983). “Gelatinefolien als eichstandards fuer roentgenspektrometrische element-bestimmungen in proben duenner schichtdicket,” Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem.IJEAA3 13, 89–113.10.1080/03067318308071586Google Scholar
Rothe, G. and Köster-Pflugmacher, A. (1964). “Die Gelatine-Methode,” Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem. 201, 241–245.10.1007/BF00555090CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsuji, K., Matsuda, A., Nakano, K., and Okhrimovskyy, A. (2006). “X-ray fluorescence analysis of soft materials using needle-type collimators enabling greater tolerance in analysis depth,” Spectrochim. Acta, B At. Spectrosc. 61, 460–464.10.1016/j.sab.2006.01.014Google Scholar
Tsuji, K. and Nakanao, K. (2007). “Development of confocal 3D micro-XRF spectrometer with dual Cr–Mo excitation,” XRay Spectrom. 36, 145–149.10.1002/xrs.957Google Scholar