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Rietveld analysis of mechanically activated BaCO3–TiO2 system

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2012

Márcio de Sousa Góes ,
José Arana Varela ,
Carlos de Oliveira Paiva-Santos ,
Biljana D. Stojanovic  and
André Vitor Chaves de Andrade
Márcio de Sousa Góes*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Físico Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni s/n, Quitandinha, 14800-900 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
José Arana Varela
Affiliation:
Departamento de Físico Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni s/n, Quitandinha, 14800-900 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
Carlos de Oliveira Paiva-Santos
Affiliation:
Departamento de Físico Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni s/n, Quitandinha, 14800-900 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
Biljana D. Stojanovic
Affiliation:
Center for Multidisciplinary Studies, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 11000
André Vitor Chaves de Andrade
Affiliation:
Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 84030-000 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
*
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Electronic mail: marcgoes@iq.unesp.br. Tel: +55 16 33016640; Fax: +55 16 33227932.
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Abstract

BaTiO3 powders were prepared through mechanical activation chemistry and analyzed by Rietveld refinement with X-ray diffraction data. Raw BaCO3 and TiO2 powders were dry milled for 5 and 20 h and then calcinated for 2 and 4 h at 800 °C. The milling process was found to have broken up the BaCO3 and TiO2 crystals into smaller crystals and formed only small amounts (<1.5 wt%) of BaTiO3. Subsequence calcinations for 2 and 4 h at 800 °C successfully produced large amounts (>97.7 wt%) of BaTiO3 crystals. The calcination process also generated microstrains and crystallite-size anisotropy in BaTiO3. An increase in the calcination time from 2 to 4 h increased the BaTiO3 weight percentage and the crystallite-shape anisotropy, but decreased the tetragonal distortion anisotropic microstrains in BaTiO3 crystals.

Keywords

X-ray diffractionRietveld refinementBaTiO3, mechanical activation
Type
Technical Articles
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 23 , Special Issue S1 , March 2008 , pp. S13 - S17
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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