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Spatial variability of elements in ancient Greek (ca. 600–250 BC) silver coins using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2018

Christopher E. Marjo ,
Gillan Davis ,
Bin Gong  and
Damian B. Gore
Christopher E. Marjo
Affiliation:
Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
Gillan Davis
Affiliation:
Department of Ancient History, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
Bin Gong
Affiliation:
Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Damian B. Gore*
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
*
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: damian.gore@mq.edu.au
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Abstract

Archaeometrists use a variety of analytical methods to determine trace elements in ancient Greek silver coins, for provenance studies, understanding social and technological change, and authentication. One analytical problem which is little documented is understanding the horizontal spatial heterogeneity of coin elemental composition in micro-sampled areas, which are usually assumed to be uniform. This study analysed ten ancient Greek coins representative of silver circulating in the Aegean region in the sixth to third centuries BC. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry was used to map the spatial distribution of elements on coins that were abraded to remove the patina. Time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry was then conducted on selected coins, mapping an area ~100 × 100 µm and depth profiling from 0 to 10 µm. These data revealed the three-dimensional elemental complexity of the coins, in particular, the heterogeneity both in the patina and beneath it. These data will guide future authentication and provenance studies of larger sample sets of ancient Greek coins including the use of line scanning for laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data collection rather than spot analyses, and non-destructive analytical techniques such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

Keywords

ancient Greeknumismaticspatinaelemental maps
Type
Technical Articles
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 32 , Supplement S2 , December 2017 , pp. S95 - S100
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 2018 

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