Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T09:20:41.187Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Topology of voids and channels in selected porphyrinic compounds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 September 2019

Lawrence P. Cook*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA Materials Science and Engineering Program, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
Greg A. Brewer
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
Daniel Siderius
Affiliation:
Chemical Science Division, The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
Winnie Wong-Ng
Affiliation:
Materials Measurement Science Division, The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
*
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: cooklp@cua.edu

Abstract

Porphyrinic compounds are of increasing interest to the materials science community, yet little attention has been paid to crystallographically controlled voids and channels in these materials. We have conducted an initial survey of the voids and channels in a random subset of 1000 porphyrinic compounds with known crystal structures. From calculations using a rolling-probe subroutine, we have found that about 5% of these compounds have line-of-sight channels, which differ in their topology depending on the crystallography. A small but significant number of porphyrinic compounds have calculated void contents of >25 volume %. We discuss in detail the void and channel characteristics, including pore-size distribution, of four representative compounds, with technological implications.

Type
Technical Article
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bian, Y., Wang, D., Wang, R., Weng, L., Dou, J., Zhan, D., Ng, D. K. P., and Jiang, J. (2003). “Structural studies of the whole series of lanthanide double-decker compounds with mixed 2,3-naphthalocyaninato and octaethylporpyrinato ligands,” New J. Chem. 27, 844849.Google Scholar
Bondi, A. (1964). “Van der Waals volumes and radii,” J. Phys. Chem. 68(3), 441451.Google Scholar
Breck, D. W. (1974). Zeolite Molecular Sieves: Structure, Chemistry, and Use (Wiley, New York).Google Scholar
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. (2019). Available at https://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/ (accessed on May–July).Google Scholar
Cook, L. P., Wong-Ng, W., and Brewer, G. (2016). “Porphyrin-based chemistry for carbon capture and sequestration,” in Advances in Materials Science for Environmental and Energy Technologies V, edited by Ohji, T., Kanakhala, R., Matyáš, J., Marijooran, N., Pickrell, G., and Wong-Ng, W. (Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ), pp. 201221.Google Scholar
Cook, L. P., Brewer, G., and Wong-Ng, W. (2017). “Structural aspects of porphyrins for functional materials applications,” Crystals. 7(7), 223.Google Scholar
Crossley, M. J. and Burn, P. L. (1991). “An approach to porphyrin-based molecular wires: synthesis of a bis(porphyrin)tetraone and its conversion to a linearly conjugated tetrakisporphyrin system,” Chem. Commun. 1991, 15691571.Google Scholar
Deiters, E., Bulach, V., and Hosseini, M. W. (2005). “Reversible single-crystal to single-crystal guest exchange in a 3-D coordination network based on a zinc porphyrin,” Chem. Commun. 2005, 39063908.Google Scholar
Duren, T., Millange, F., Ferey, G., Walton, K. S., and Snurr, R. Q. (2007). “Calculating geometric surface areas as a characterization tool for metal−organic frameworks,” J. Phys. Chem. C. 111, 15350.Google Scholar
Frost, H., Duren, T., and Snurr, R. Q. (2006). “Effects of surface area, free volume, and heat of adsorption on hydrogen uptake in metal−organic frameworks,” J. Phys. Chem. B. 110, 9565.Google Scholar
Galloni, P., Vecchi, A., Coletti, A., Gatto, E., Floris, B., and Conte, V. (2014). “Porphyrins as active components for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical devices,” in Handbook of Porphyrin Science, Volume 33, edited by Kadish, W., Smith, K. M., and Guilard, R. (World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore), pp. 225415.Google Scholar
Gao, C., Shi, Q., and Dong, J. (2016). “Adsorptive separation performance of 1-butanol onto typical hydrophobic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs),” CrystEngComm. 18, 38423849.Google Scholar
Gelb, L. D. and Gubbins, K. E. (1999). “Pore size distributions in porous glasses: a computer simulation study,” Langmuir. 15(2), 305308.Google Scholar
Ismail, A. F., Khulbe, K., and Matsuura, T. (2015). Gas Separation Membranes: Polymeric and Inorganic (Springer, New York, NY).Google Scholar
Jiang, Y.-B. and Sun, Z. (2019). “Self-assembled porphyrin and macrocycle derivatives: from synthesis to function,” Mater. Res. Bull. 44(3), 167171.Google Scholar
Jones, R., Tredgold, R. H., and Hoorfar, A. (1984). “Electrical conductivity in Langmuir-Blodgett films of porphyrins: in-plane and through-the-film studies,” Thin Solid Films. 113, 115118.Google Scholar
Jurow, M., Schuckman, A., Batteas, J. D., and Drain, C. M. (2010). “Porphyrins as molecular components of functional devices,” Coordin. Chem. Rev. 254, 22972310.Google Scholar
Kadish, K. M., Smith, K. M., and Guilard, R. (2010–2019). Handbook of Porphyrin Science (World Scientific, Hackensack, NJ).Google Scholar
Li, J.-M. and Talu, O. (1993). “Effect of structural heterogeneity on multicomponent adsorption: benzene and p-xylene mixture on silicalite,” in Fundamentals of Adsorption, edited by Suzuki, M. (Elsevier, Amsterdam), pp. 373380.Google Scholar
Matteucci, S., Yampolskii, Y., Freeman, B. D., and Pinneau, I. (2006). “Materials science of membranes for gas and vapor separation,” in Materials Science of Membranes for Gas and Vapor Separation, edited by Yampolskii, Y, Freeman, B. D and Pinneau, I (John Wiley and Sons, West Sussex, England), pp. 147.Google Scholar
Nelson, D. J. and Brammer, C. N. (2011). “Toward consistent terminology for cyclohexane conformers in introductory organic chemistry,” J. Chem. Educ. 88(3), 292294.Google Scholar
Nguyen, H. G., Horn, J. C., Bleakney, M., Siderius, D. W., and Espinal, L. (2019). “Understanding material characteristics through signature traits from helium pycnometry,” Langmuir. 35(6), 21152122.Google Scholar
Pace, L. J., Martinsen, J., Ulman, A., Hoffman, B. M., and Ibers, J. A. (1983). “Conductive molecular crystals. Structural, magnetic, and charge-transport properties of (5,10,15,20-Tetramethylporphyrinato)nickel(II) iodide,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105, 26122620.Google Scholar
Palmer, J. C., Moore, J. D., Brennan, J. K., and Gubbins, K. E. (2011). “Simulating local adsorption isotherms in structurally complex porous materials: a direct assessment of the slit pore model,” J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2(3), 165169.Google Scholar
Rowland, R. S. and Taylor, R. (1996). “Intermolecular nonbonded contact distances in organic crystal structures: comparison with distances expected from van der Waals Radii,” J. Phys. Chem. 100(18), 73847391.Google Scholar
Suslick, K. S., Rakow, N. A., Kosal, M. E., and Chou, J. H. (2000). “The materials chemistry of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins,” J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines. 4, 407413.Google Scholar
Walton, K. S. and Snurr, R. Q. (2007). “Applicability of the BET method for determining surface areas of microporous metal−organic frameworks,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 85528556.Google Scholar
Weisz, P. B. (1973). “Zeolites – new horizons in catalysis,” Chemtech. 3, 498505.Google Scholar
Wong-Ng, W., Kaduk, J. A., Wu, H., and Suchomel, M. (2012). “Synchrotron X-ray studies of metal-organic framework M2(2,5-dihydroxyterephthalte), M=(Mn,Co,Ni,Zn) (MOF74),” Powder Diffr. 27(4), 256262.Google Scholar
Wong-Ng, W., Culp, J. T., Chen, Y. S., Zavalij, P., Espinal, L., Siderius, D. W., Allen, A. J., Scheins, S., and Matranga, C. (2013). “Improved synthesis and crystal structure of the flexible pillared layer porous coordination polymer: Ni(1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene)[Ni(CN)4],” CrystEngComm. 15, 46844693.Google Scholar
Wong-Ng, W., Kaduk, J. A., Siderius, D. L., Allen, A. L., Espinal, L., Boyerinas, B. M., Levin, I., Suchomel, M. R., Ilavsky, J., Li, L., Williamson, I., Cockayne, E., and Wu, H. (2015). “Reference diffraction patterns, microstructure, and pore size distribution for the copper (II) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate metal organic framework (Cu-BTC) compounds,” Powder Diffr. 30(1), 213.Google Scholar
Wong-Ng, W., Williamson, I., Lawson, M., Siderius, D. W., Culp, J. T., Chen, Y.-S., and Li, L. (2018). “Electronic structure, pore size distribution, and sorption characterization of an unusual MOF, {[Ni(dpbz)][Ni(CN)4]}n, dpbz=1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene,” J. Appl. Phys. 123, 245104.Google Scholar
Wong-Ng, W., Nguyen, H. G., Espinal, L., Siderius, D. W., and Kaduk, J. A. (2019). “Powder X-ray structural studies and reference diffraction patterns for three forms of porous aluminum terephthalate, MIL-53(A1),” Powder Diffr. 34(3), 216226.Google Scholar
Yuan, S., Qin, J.-S., Li, J., Huang, L., Feng, L., Fang, Y., Lollar, C., Pang, J., Zhang, L., Sun, D., Alsalme, A., Cagin, T., and Zhou, H.-C. (2018). “Retrosynthesis of multi-component metal-organic frameworks,” Nat. Commun. 9, 808.Google Scholar