Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T16:40:29.942Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

X-ray powder diffraction data for three red azo pigments: sodium, barium, and ammonium lithol salts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2017

Alicja Rafalska-Łasocha ,
Marta Grzesiak-Nowak ,
Piotr Goszczycki ,
Katarzyna Ostrowska  and
Wiesław Łasocha
Alicja Rafalska-Łasocha*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
Marta Grzesiak-Nowak
Affiliation:
Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
Piotr Goszczycki
Affiliation:
Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
Katarzyna Ostrowska
Affiliation:
Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
Wiesław Łasocha
Affiliation:
Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry PAS, 30-239 Krakow, ul. Niezapominajek 8, Poland
*
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: rafalska@chemia.uj.edu.pl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Lithol reds belong to the group of azo pigments, which were popular artists’ colouring materials in the first half of the twentieth century. These pigments were also used in many branches of industry. Here, we report X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space groups for three compounds from this group: sodium (E)-2-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl)naphthalene-1-sulphonate monohydrate (Na lithol red), monoclinic, space group C2/c, with cell parameters a = 33.343(7), b = 6.667(2), c = 16.397(4) Å, β = 90.83°, V = 3644.51 Å3, Z = 8; barium (E)-2-[(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-1-sulphonate trihydrate (Ba lithol red), monoclinic, space group P21/m, with cell parameters a = 17.758(9), b = 6.209(4), c = 16.857(8) Å, β = 92.07°, V = 1857.39 Å3, Z = 2; and ammonium (E)-2-[(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-1-sulphonate monohydrate (NH4 lithol red), monoclinic, space group P2/c, with cell parameters a = 17.721(5), b = 6.428(3), c = 16.911(5) Å, β = 100.31(3)°, V = 1895.31 Å3, and Z = 4. In the first and third cases we synthesised the pigments in their monohydrate form, performed X-ray powder diffraction measurements, and indexed all of the obtained diffraction maxima. In the case of the barium compound, despite many efforts in the course of the synthesis procedure, the powder diffraction patterns of the obtained samples were not of the best quality. Nevertheless, we indexed the best one and found a reliable space group and cell parameters.

Keywords

azo pigmentslithol saltspowder diffractometry
Type
New Diffraction Data
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 32 , Issue 3 , September 2017 , pp. 187 - 192
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alphen, M. (1998). Paint Film Components, National Environmental Health Forum Monographs (National Environmental Health Forum, Australia), General Series No. 2, p. 137. http://www.cffet.net/ait/X1_paint.pdf Google Scholar
Ash, I. and Ash, M. (1996). Handbook of Paint and Coating Raw Materials, Volume 1: Trade Name Products (Gower, Aldershot), p. 402.Google Scholar
de Wolff, P. M. (1968). “A simplified criterion for the reliability of a powder pattern indexing”, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1, 108–113.Google Scholar
Herbst, W. and Hunger, K. (1997). Industrial Organic Pigments: Production, Properties, Applications (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim), 2nd ed., p. 318.Google Scholar
ICDD (2015). PDF-4+ 2015 (Database) edited by Dr. Soorya Kabekkodu, International Centre for Diffraction Data, Newton Square, PA, USA.Google Scholar
Kennedy, A. R., Jennifer, B. A., Kirkhouse, J. B. A., McCarney, K. M., Puissegur, O., Smith, W. E., Staunton, E., Teat, S. J., Cherryman, J. C., and James, R. (2004). “Supramolecular motifs in s-block metal-bound sulfonated monoazo dyes, part 1: structural class controlled by cation type and modulated by sulfonate aryl ring position”, Chem. Eur. J. 10, 4606–4615.Google Scholar
Łasocha, W. and Lewinski, K. (1994). “PROSZKI – a system of programs for powder diffraction data analysis”, J. Appl. Cryst. 27, 437–438.Google Scholar
Smith, G. S. and Snyder, R. L. (1979). “Fn: a criterion for rating powder diffraction patterns and evaluating the reliability of powder-pattern indexing”, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 12, 60–65.Google Scholar
Standeven, H. A. L. (2008). “The History and Manufacture of Lithol Red, a Pigment Used by Mark Rothko in his Seagram and Harvard Murals of the 1950s and 1960s”, Tate Papers, 10, Autumn 2008, http://www.tate.org.uk/research/publications/tate-papers/10/history-and-manufacture-of-lithol-red-pigment-used-by-mark-rothko-in-seagram-and-harvard-murals-1950s-and-1960s (accessed 10 January 2017).Google Scholar
Stenger, J., Kwan, E. E., Eremin, K., Speakman, S., Kirby, D., Stewart, H., Huang, S. G., Kennedy, A. R., Newman, R., and Khandekar, N. (2010). “Lithol red salts: characterization and deterioration”, e-PS 7, 147–157.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Rafalska-Łasocha supplementary material

Rafalska-Łasocha supplementary material 1

Download Rafalska-Łasocha supplementary material(File)
File 103.5 KB