Analysis of Emergency Situations in the Russian Federation

Abstract

Introduction:

Emergency situations (ES) are situations within a certain territory, which have arisen because of an accident, a dangerous natural phenomenon, natural disaster, or other that may cause or have caused human casualties, damage to human health or the environment, significant material losses, and unbalance of living conditions of people. Important characteristics of ES are suddenness and involvement of a significant number of victims who need first aid and emergency medical care. These characteristics determined the organization of the Unified State System for Emergency Prevention and Elimination of the Russian Federation.

Aim:

To study the structure of ES in Russia. By the scale of spread and damage caused, ES can be local, municipal, inter-municipal, regional, interregional, or federal, by the source of origin – technogenic, natural, biological, or social. The terrorist acts are usually allocated in a separate group of ES. The structure of ES, according to the EMERCOM of Russia in 2005-2017, is as follows:

1. 1. Technogenic (59.61%)

2. 2. Natural (29.42%)

3. 3. Biological and social (9.91%)

4. 4. Major terrorist acts (1.06%)

Methods:

Statistical analysis was conducted. According to the EMERCOM of Russia, every year in 2005-2017 there were 422.5 ± 46.5 ES, resulting in the death of 796 ± 56 people. Polynomial trends in the number of ES and deaths, according to the EMERCOM of Russia, (with significant coefficients of determination R² = 0.85 and R² = 0.64, respectively) show a decrease in the number of ES and deaths.

Discussion:

The resulting analysis of the structure and number of ES, the number of deaths, the risk of being in an emergency, and the individual risk of death in an emergency can predict the forces and means necessary for the elimination of the consequences of ES.