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Novel Respiratory Viruses in the Context of Mass-Gathering Events: A Systematic Review to Inform Event Planning from a Health Perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 July 2021

Jamie Ranse Open the ORCID record for Jamie Ranse [Opens in a new window] ,
Deborah Beckwith ,
Anas Khan Open the ORCID record for Anas Khan [Opens in a new window] ,
Saber Yezli ,
Attila J. Hertelendy Open the ORCID record for Attila J. Hertelendy [Opens in a new window] ,
Alison Hutton Open the ORCID record for Alison Hutton [Opens in a new window]  and
Peta-Anne Zimmerman Open the ORCID record for Peta-Anne Zimmerman [Opens in a new window]
Jamie Ranse*
Affiliation:
Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Deborah Beckwith
Affiliation:
Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Anas Khan
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Saber Yezli
Affiliation:
Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Attila J. Hertelendy
Affiliation:
Fellowship in Disaster Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA College of Business, Florida International University, Miami, Florida USA
Alison Hutton
Affiliation:
School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Peta-Anne Zimmerman
Affiliation:
Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia Department of Infection Control, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
*
Correspondence: Jamie Ranse, RN, PhD, Griffith University, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Nursing and Midwifery, Nathan Queensland 4222 Australia, E-mail: jamie@jamieranse.com
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Abstract

Background:

Mass-gathering events (MGEs) occur regularly throughout the world. As people congregate at MGEs, there is an increased risk of transmission of communicable diseases. Novel respiratory viruses, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1), Influenza A Virus Subtype H1N1 Strain 2009 (H1N1pdm09), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), or Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), may require specific infection prevention and control strategies to minimize the risk of transmission when planning MGEs. This literature review aimed to identify and analyze papers relating to novel respiratory viruses with pandemic potential and to inform MGE planning.

Method:

This paper used a systematic literature review method. Various health care databases were searched using keywords relating to MGEs and novel respiratory viruses. Information was extracted from identified papers into various tables for analysis. The analysis identified infection prevention and control strategies used at MGEs to inform planning before, during, and following events.

Results:

In total, 27 papers met the criteria for inclusion. No papers were identified regarding SARS-CoV-1, while the remainder reported on H1N1pdm09 (n = 9), MERS-CoV (n = 15), and SARS-CoV-2 (n = 3). Various before, during, and after event mitigation strategies were identified that can be implemented for future events.

Conclusions:

This literature review provided an overview of the novel respiratory virus epidemiology at MGEs alongside related public health mitigation strategies that have been implemented at these events. This paper also discusses the health security of event participants and host communities in the context of cancelling, postponing, and modifying events due to a novel respiratory virus. In particular, ways to recommence events incorporating various mitigation strategies are outlined.

Keywords

COVID-19H1N1infectious diseasemass gatheringMERSnovelSARS
Type
Systematic Review
Information
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , Volume 36 , Issue 5 , October 2021 , pp. 599 - 610
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine

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