Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T07:29:11.106Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Redundant Resource: A Pre-Planned Casualty Clearing Station for a FIFA 2010 Stadium in Durban

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 May 2012

Timothy C. Hardcastle ,
Sanjay Samlal ,
Rajen Naidoo ,
Steven Hendrikse ,
Alex Gloster ,
Melvin Ramlal ,
Sibongiseni Ngema  and
Michael Rowe
Timothy C. Hardcastle*
Affiliation:
Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Sanjay Samlal
Affiliation:
Emergency Medical Rescue Service, eThekwini District and Department of Health, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Rajen Naidoo
Affiliation:
Emergency Medical Rescue Service, eThekwini District and Department of Health, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Steven Hendrikse
Affiliation:
eThekwini Metropolitan Fire & Rescue Service, Durban, South Africa
Alex Gloster
Affiliation:
eThekwini Metropolitan Fire & Rescue Service, Durban, South Africa
Melvin Ramlal
Affiliation:
eThekwini Metropolitan Fire & Rescue Service, Durban, South Africa
Sibongiseni Ngema
Affiliation:
Department of Health, KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Michael Rowe
Affiliation:
Natal Mounted Rifles, Durban, South Africa
*
Correspondence: Timothy C. Hardcastle, MD, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital Private Bag X03 Mayville 4058 South Africa E-mail timothyhar@ialch.co.za
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This report details the background, planning, and establishment of a mass-casualty management area for the Durban Moses Mabhida Stadium at the Natal Mounted Rifles base, by the Department of Health and the eThekwini Fire and Rescue Service, for the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 2010 Soccer World Cup. The report discusses the use of the site during the seven matches played at that stadium, and details the aspects of mass-gathering major incident site planning for football (soccer).

The area also was used as a treatment area for other single patient incidents outside of the stadium, but within the exclusion perimeter, and the 22 patients treated by the Casualty Clearing Station (CCS) team are described and briefly discussed. A site-specific patient presentation rate of 0.48 per 10,000 and transport-to-hospital rate (TTHR) of 0.09/10,000 are reported. Lessons learned and implications for future event planning are discussed in the light of the existing literature.

Hardcastle TC, Samlal S, Naidoo R, Hendrikse S, Gloster A, Ramlal M, Ngema S, Rowe M. A Redundant Resource: A Pre-Planned Casualty Clearing Station for a FIFA 2010 Stadium in Durban. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(2):1-7 .

Keywords

Federation Internationale de Football AssociationFIFAmass gathering medicinepatient presentation ratetriageWorld Cup
Type
Original Research
Information
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , Volume 27 , Issue 5 , October 2012 , pp. 409 - 415
Copyright
Copyright © World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Gonetoosoon.org tribute page to the Bradford City Fire disaster. http://bradfordcityfiredessaster-fiftysixpeople.gonetoosoon.org. Accessed June 24, 2010.Google Scholar
2. Bowley, DM, Rein, P, Hendrik, JS, Boffard, K. The Ellis Park Stadium tragedy. Eur J Trauma. 2003;1:51-55.Google Scholar
3. Joubert, DA. Sport disaster Oppenheimer: 1991. Trauma and Emergency Medicine (SA). 1992;9(2):570-572.Google Scholar
4. Ligthelm, TJ. Gevlous met die Pous [in Afrikaans]. Trauma and Emergency Medicine (SA). 1992;9(2):573-577.Google Scholar
5. Tshabalala-Msimang, M, Pillay, Y. Preparing the Health Sector for the 2010 Soccer World Cup. S Afr Med J. 2007;97:40.Google ScholarPubMed
6. Milsten, AM, Maguire, BJ, Bissell, RA, Seaman, KG. Mass gathering medical care: a review of the literature. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2002;17(3):151-162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7. Arbon, P. Mass-gathering medicine: a review of the evidence future directions for research. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2007;22(2):131-135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Arbon, P, Franklin, HG, Bridgewater, MB, Smith, C. Mass gathering medicine: a predictive model for patient presentation and transport rates. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2001;16(3):150-158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. Emergency Medicine Society of South Africa. Practice Guideline EM009: mass gathering medical resource model. www.emssa.org.za. Published October 2009. Accessed June 24, 2010.Google Scholar
10. Yancey, A, Fuhri, PD, Pillay, Y, Greenwald, I. World Cup 2010 planning: an integration of public health and medical systems. Public Health. 2008;122:1020-1029.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11. Major Incident Medical Management and Support: The practical approach at the scene. 2nd ed. Manchester, UK: Advanced Life Support Group, 2002.Google Scholar
12. Hardcastle, T. Emergency preparation for FIFA 2010. A legacy in the making. Emergency Services SA /Occupational Risk. 2010;1(5):14-15.Google Scholar
13. Smith, W. Mass-gatherings medicine: South Africa – alive with possibility. Emergency Services SA/Occupational Risk. 2009;1(4):19-20.Google Scholar
14. Betlehem, J, Schaefer, J. Emergency medical preparedness during the 2006 World Cup in Frankfurt, Germany. Disasters. 2010;34:155-163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Crawford, M, Donnelly, J, Gordon, J, et al. An analysis of consultations with the crowd doctors at Glasgow Celtic football club, season 1999–2000. Br J Sports Med. 2001;35:245-250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16. Leary, A, Greenwood, P, Hedley, B, Agnew, J, Thompson, D, Punshon, G. An analysis of use of crowd medical services at an English football league club. Int Emerg Nurs. 2008;16:193-199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17. Bhangu, A, Agar, C, Pickard, L, Leary, A. The Villa Park experience: crowd consultations at an English Premiership football stadium, season 2007-2008. Emerg Med J. 2010;27:424-429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Martin-Gill, C, Brady, WJ, Barlotta, K, et al. Hospital based healthcare provider (nurse and physician) integration into an emergency medical services managed mass gathering event. Am J Emerg Med. 2007;25:15-22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19. Grange, JT, Bauman, JW, Vaezazizi, R. On site physicians reduce ambulance transports at mass gatherings. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2003;7:322-326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20. Macintyre, AG, Barbera, JA, Brewster, P. Health care emergency management: establishing the science of managing mass casualty and mass effect incidents. Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3(Suppl 1):S52-S58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21. Wetterhall, SF, Coulombier, DM, Herndon, JM, et al. Medical care delivery at the 1996 Olympic Games. JAMA. 1998;279:1463-1468.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22. Allen, TL, Jolley, SJ, Cooley, VJ, et al. The epidemiology of illness and injury at the Alpine venues during the Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympic Games. J Emerg Med. 2006;30:197-202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Grissom, CK, Finnoff, JT, Murdock, DC, Culberson, JT. Nordic venue medical services during the 2002 Winter Olympics. J Emerg Med. 2006;30:203-210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Baker, WM, Simone, BM, Niemann, JT, Daly, A. Special Event medical care: the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympics experience. Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15:185-190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25. Thompson, JM, Savoia, G, Powell, G, Challis, EB, Law, P. Level of medical care required for mass gatherings: the XV Winter Olympic Games in Calgary, Canada. Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:385-390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26. Boyd, ST, Dimopoulos, GE. The Marianhill train accident (March 1994). Trauma and Emergency Medicine (SA). 1998;15(1):27-29.Google Scholar
27. Robertson, C. Report on the Nuwekloof train accident near Tulbagh in the Western Cape on 23 April 1997. Trauma and Emergency Medicine (SA). 1998;15(1):15-17.Google Scholar
28. Hardcastle T, Robertson C, Smith W. The Muldersvlei rail disaster: triage and management. Lecture presented at International Trauma Congress Durban, June 14-17, 2006.Google Scholar