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Research and Evaluations of the Health Aspects of Disasters, Part III: Framework for the Temporal Phases of Disasters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2015

Marvin L. Birnbaum ,
Elaine K. Daily  and
Ann P. O’Rourke
Marvin L. Birnbaum*
Affiliation:
Emeritus Professor of Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin USA; Emeritus Editor-in-Chief, Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
Elaine K. Daily
Affiliation:
Nursing Section Editor, Prehospital and Disaster Medicine; Executive Secretary, World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin USA
Ann P. O’Rourke
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin USA
*
Correspondence: Marvin L. Birnbaum, MD, PhD Suite 407 610 N. Whitney Way Madison, WI 53705 USA E-mail: mbirnbaum@wadem.org
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Abstract

Each of the elements described in the Conceptual Framework for disasters has a temporal designation; each has a beginning and end time. The Temporal Framework defines these elements as phases that are based on characteristics rather than on absolute times. The six temporal phases include the: (1) Pre-event; (2) Event; (3) Structural Damage; (4) Functional Damage (changes in levels of functions of the Societal Systems); (5) Relief; and (6) Recovery phases. Development is not a phase of a disaster. The use of the Temporal Framework in studying and reporting disasters allows comparisons to be made between similar phases of different disasters, regardless of the hazard involved and/or the community impacted. For research and evaluation purposes, assessments, plans, and interventions must be described in relation to the appropriate temporal phase.

Birnbaum ML, Daily EK, O’Rourke AP. Research and Evaluations of the Health Aspects of Disasters, Part III: Framework for the Temporal Phases of Disasters. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(6):628–632 .

Keywords

damagedisasterepidemiologylevel of functionpre-eventrecoveryrelieftemporal phases
Type
Special Reports
Information
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , Volume 30 , Issue 6 , December 2015 , pp. 628 - 632
Copyright
© World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 2015 

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Footnotes

a

Task Force for Quality Control of Disaster Medicine, World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Nordic Society for Disaster Medicine. Health Disaster Management Guidelines for Evaluation and Research in the Utstein Style. Sundnes KO, Birnbaum ML (eds). Prehosp Disaster Med. 2003;17(Supplement 3).

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