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Système Dégage? Women and Transitional Justice in the Wake of the Arab Spring

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2017

Karima Bennoune
Karima Bennoune*
Affiliation:
University of California, Davis School of Law
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Abstract

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Type
Transitional Justice and the Arab Spring
Information
Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting , Volume 106 , 2012 , pp. 502 - 505
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2012

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References

1 Karima Bennoune, Your Fatwa Does Not Apply Here: Untold Stories from the Fight against Muslim Fundamentalism (forthcoming 2013).

2 Aoláin, Fionnuala Ní, Gendered Under-Enforcement in the Transitional Justice Context, in Gender in Transitional Justice 59 (Buckley-Zistel1, Susanne & Stanley, Ruth eds., 2011)Google Scholar.

3 On the obstacles to achieving this goal, see Kusafuka, Ayumi, Truth Commissions and Gender: A South African Case Study, 9 Afr. J. On Conflict Resol. 45 (2009)Google Scholar.

4 See, e.g., Libya: Gaddafi Investigated Over use of Rape as Weapon, BBC News, June 8, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13705854.

5 See, e.g., Angélique Chrisafis, Confusion, Fear and Horror in Tunisia as Old Regime ‘s Militia Carries on the Fight, Guardian, Jan. 16, 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jan/16/tunisia-gun-battle-army-tunis (stating that “opposition women report they were raped in the basement of the interior ministry, as were men”).

6 See, e.g., World Organisation against Torture, Violence against Women in Egypt 28-32 (2001), available at http://www.omct.org/files/2001/01/2175/egypteng2001.pdf.

7 For a discussion of this broader approach, see Bell, Christine & O’Rourke, Catherine, Does Feminism Need a Theory of Transitional Justice? An Introductory Essay, 1 Int’l J. Transitional Just. 23 (2007)Google Scholar.

8 International Center for Transitional Justice, Reparations and Gender Justice: Is Egypt Ready for Transitional Justice?, available at http://tjcairo.ictj.org/eri/reparations-and-gender-justice-egypt-ready-transitional-justice.

9 Id.

10 Ryan, Yasmine, Tunisia: Women ‘s Rights Hang in the Balance, Al J Azeera, Aug. 20, 2011 Google Scholar, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/08/20118I617052432756.html.

11 Samti, Farah, Human Rights Minister Refuses to Retract Homophobic Comments, Tunisia Live, Mar. 2, 2012 Google Scholar, http://www.tunisia-live.net/2012/03/02/human-rights-minister-refuses-to-retract-homophobic-comments/.

12 Baeder, Charles, Tunisian Human Rights Minister’s Remarks Spark Debate on Homophobia, Tunisia Live, Feb. 9, 2012 Google Scholar, http://www.tunisia-live.net/2012/02/09/tunisian-human-rights-ministers-remarks-spark-debate-on-homophobia/.

13 See Evans, Robert, Islamic States, Africans Walk Out on UN Gay Panel, Reuters, Mar. 8, 2012 Google Scholar, http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE82702T20120308.

14 Ghribi, Asma, Debating Transitional Justice in Tunisia, Tunisia Live, Mar. 8, 2012 Google Scholar, http://www.tunisia-live.net/2012/03/08/debating-transitional-justice-in-tunisia/.

15 Baeder, supra note 12.

16 See Chañad, Mounira M., Tunisia at the Forefront of the Arab World, Two Waves of Gender Legislation, 64 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 1513 (2007)Google Scholar.

17 Tunisia received top marks in the region in a 2010 report by Freedom House on women’s rights. Women’s Rights in the Middle East and North Africa (Sanja Kelly & Julia Breslin eds., 2010).

18 See Bennoune, Karima, U.S. Must Support Tunisia’s Secularists, San Francisco Chronicle, Feb. 7, 2013 Google Scholar, http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/openforum/article/U-S-must-support-Tunisia-s-secularists-4261703.php.

19 Chawki Amari, Melanie Matarese, Ramdane Koubabi & Ghelab Smail, Je Brûle, Donc Je Suis, Courrier Int’l, Jan. 21, 2011, http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2011/01/21/je-brule-donc-je-suis.

20 See discussion in Mustapha Benfodil, Ces Mohamed Bouazizi que Alger ne Veut pas Voir, Courrier Int’l, Feb. 2, 2012, http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2012/02/03/ces-mohamed-bouazizi-que-alger-ne-veut- pas-voir.

21 Un Père Tente d’Immoler sa Fille à Paris, Le Figaro, Feb. 27, 2012, http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2012/02/27/01016-20120227 ArtnG00366-un-pere-tente-d-immoler-sa-fille-a-paris.php.

22 Her case is only one example. Mona Eltahawy offers a litany of female Bouazizis, such as “Amina Filali— the 16 year-old Moroccan girl who drank poison after she was forced to marry . . . her rapist.” Eltahawy, Mona, Why do they Hate Us? The Real War on Women is in the Middle East, Foreign Pol’y, May/June 2012 Google Scholar, available at http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/04/23/why_do_they_hate_us.

23 Métaoui, Fayçal, Je ne Veux pas que l’Egypte Devienne l’Iran, El Watan, Dec. 19, 2011 Google Scholar, available at http://www.elwatan.com/culture/je-ne-veux-pas-que-l-egypte-devienne-l-iran-19-12-2011-151624_113.php.