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Science and Risk Assessment in International Environmental Law: Learning from the WTO SPS Experience

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2017

Jacqueline Peel
Jacqueline Peel*
Affiliation:
Jean Monnet Center for Regional and International Economic Law, New York University Law School
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Abstract

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Type
New Directions in International Environmental Law
Information
Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting , Volume 98 , 2004 , pp. 283 - 287
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2004

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References

1 So far there have been four SPS disputes: EC—Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products, Reports the Appellate Body, WT/DS26/AB/R & WT/DS48/AB/R, Jan. 16, 1998 (Hormones); Australia—Measures Affecting Importation of Salmon, Report of the Appellate Body, WT/DS18/AB/R, Oct. 20, 1998 (Salmon); Japan—Measures Affecting Agricultural Products, Report of the Appellate Body, WT/DS76/AB/R, Feb. 22, 1999 (Varietals); and Japan—Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples, Report of the Appellate Body, WT/DS245/AB/R, Nov. 26, 2003 (Apples).

2 Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Annex 1A, April 15, 1994 (SPS Agreement).

3 Ibid., Art. 5.1.

4 Ibid., Annex A, para. 5.

5 See ibid., Arts. 5.4, 5.5, and 5.6.

6 A WTO panel was recently established at the request of the United States, Canada, and Argentina to examine the European Community’s moratorium on issuing marketing approvals for agricultural biotech products (genetically modified organisms [GMOs] used in agriculture) and its labeling and traceability requirements for imports of GM food products. See DS291 : European Communities: Measures affecting the approval and marketing of biotech products (Brought by United States), May 20, 2003.

7 See citations at n. 1.

8 Hormones, supra note 1, para. 189.

9 Salmon, supra note 1, para. 124.

10 Hormones, supra note 1, para. 194.

11 Hormones, supra note 1, para. 187.

12 Hormones, supra note 1, para. 186.

13 Hormones, supra note 1, para. 200.

14 Hormones, supra note 1, para. 124.