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The Struggle for the Internationally Shared Environment: The United States Abdicates its Leadership Role

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2017

Gunther Handl
Gunther Handl*
Affiliation:
Wayne State University Law School
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Abstract

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Type
Ten Years after Stockholm–International Environmental Law
Information
Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting , Volume 77 , 1983 , pp. 418 - 422
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1983

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References

1 See, e.g., U.N. Ecology Parley Opens Amid Gloom, N.Y. Times, May 11, 1982, at A3, col. 4.

2 See Nairobi Declaration on the State of the Worldwide Environment, U.N. Doc. UNEP/GC.10/INF.5 at para. 2 (1982), reprinted in 21 ILM 676 (1982).

3 See, e.g., National Academy of Sciences, Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update (1982); and World Health Organization, Third Statement on Modification of the Ozone Layer Due to Human Activities and Some Possible Geophysical Consequences, reprinted in (1982) INT'L. ENVT. REP. (BNA), at 91 (Feb. 10, 1982).

4 For details, see, e.g., Nations Still Unable to Reach Accord on Convention to Protect Ozone Layer, (1983) INT'L ENVT. REP. (BNA), at 9-10 (Jan. 12, 1983).

5 See 46 Fed. Reg. 42288 (1981).

6 See 44 Fed. Reg. 22477 (1979).

7 See Exec. Order No. 12,264.

8 See Draft U.S. Executive Order on Exports of Banned or Restricted Products, Substances, (1982) INT'L ENVT. REP. (BNA), at 505 (Nov. 10, 1982).

9 For an acknowledgment of the issue of the existence of a legal, as against a moral responsibility, see, e.g., Quentin-Baxter, “Third Report on International Liability for Injurious Consequences Arising Out of Acts Not Prohibited by International Law,” U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/360, 20 at para. 45 (1982).

10 See, e.g., U.S. Tells Ecologists to Trust Free Enterprise, N.Y. Times, May 12, 1982, at A7, col. 1.

11 Sec, e.g., Hazardous Product Exports: Hearings Before the Subcomm. on Int'l Econ. Policy and Trade of the House Comm. on Foreign Affairs, 97th Cong., 1st Sess. 26 (1981) (statements of Esther Peterson and Edward B. Cohen).

12 See, e.g., Lellouche, International Nuclear Politics, 58 FOREIGN AFF. 336 (1979/80); and Lodgaard, Prospects for Non-Proliferation, 22 SURVIVAL 161 (1980).

13 See Committee Backs Resolution to Press U.S. to Resume Talks on TOSCA Rules, (1982) INT'L Envt. REP. (BNA), at 132 (Apr. 13, 1983).

14 See, e.g., S. Weir & M. Schapiro, Circle of Poison (1981).