Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-cphqk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-13T11:05:51.762Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Assessing sustainable recyclability of battery systems: a tool to aid design for disassembly

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2024

Fabio Marco Monetti ,
Pablo Zaguirre Martínez  and
Antonio Maffei
Fabio Marco Monetti*
Affiliation:
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
Pablo Zaguirre Martínez
Affiliation:
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
Antonio Maffei
Affiliation:
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
*
monetti@kth.se

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This study, conducted with Northvolt, examines battery system recyclability and disassembly dynamics. It introduces indices for material and product recyclability, along with disassembly time assessment. The goal is to create a design tool to streamline the evaluation of battery disassembly, aiding in designing recyclable and serviceable components. These methodologies serve as a blueprint for enhancing battery systems' overall sustainability and circularity design, presenting a base for future product development in alignment with environmental and economic objectives.

Keywords

batteriesenergy storage systemsdesign for x (DfX)circular economysustainability
Type
Design for Sustainability
Information
Proceedings of the Design Society , Volume 4: DESIGN 2024 , May 2024 , pp. 1389 - 1398
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2024.

References

Alfaro-Algaba, M. and Ramirez, F.J. (2020), “Techno-economic and environmental disassembly planning of lithium-ion electric vehicle battery packs for remanufacturing”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 154, p. 104461, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asif, F.M.A. (2017), Circular Manufacturing Systems: A Development Framework with Analysis Methods and Tools for Implementation, Doctoral thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.Google Scholar
Baars, J., Domenech, T., Bleischwitz, R., Melin, H.E. and Heidrich, O. (2020), “Circular economy strategies for electric vehicle batteries reduce reliance on raw materials”, Nature Sustainability, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 71–79, https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-00607-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, S.K., Yedlarajiah, P. and Narendra, R. (2000), “An approach for estimating the end-of-life product disassembly effort and cost”, International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 38 No. 3, pp. 657–673, https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002075400189356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Aguiar, J., De Oliveira, L., Da Silva, J.O., Bond, D., Scalice, R.K. and Becker, D. (2017), “A design tool to diagnose product recyclability during product design phase”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 141, pp. 219–229, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.074.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Fazio, F., Bakker, C., Flipsen, B. and Balkenende, R. (2021), “The Disassembly Map: A new method to enhance design for product repairability”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 320, p. 128552, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Fazio, T.L., Edsall, A.C., Gustavson, R.E., Hernandez, J., Hutchins, P.M., Leung, H.-W., Luby, S.C., et al. (1993), “A Prototype of Feature-Based Design for Assembly”, Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 115 No. 4, pp. 723–734, https://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollander, Den, Bakker, M.C., and Hultink, C.A., E.J. (2017), “Product Design in a Circular Economy: Development of a Typology of Key Concepts and Terms”, Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 517–525, https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deshpande, V.A. (2007), “MOST–The Most Advanced Work Measurement Technique”, Journal of Engineering & Technology, Vol. 20, pp. 109–113.Google Scholar
Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2015), Growth within: A Circular Economy Vision for a Competitive Europe.Google Scholar
European Commission. Directorate General for Energy., Trinomics., Enerdata., Cambridge Econometrics., and LBST. (2020), Study on Energy Prices, Costs and Their Impact on Industry and Households: Final Report., Publications Office, LU.Google Scholar
European Commission. Joint Research Centre. (2016), Study for a Method to Assess the Ease of Disassembly of Electrical and Electronic Equipment: Method Development and Application to a Flat Panel Display Case Study, Publications Office, LU.Google Scholar
Feldmann, K., Trautner, S., Lohrmann, H. and Melzer, K. (2001), “Computer-based product structure analysis for technical goods regarding optimal end-of-life strategies”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, Vol. 215 No. 5, pp. 683–693, https://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405011518610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fukushige, S., Mizuno, T., Kunii, E., Matsuyama, Y. and Umeda, Y. (2013), “Quantitative Design Modification for the Recyclability of Products”, in Nee, A.Y.C., Song, B. and Ong, S.-K. (Eds.), Re-Engineering Manufacturing for Sustainability, Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 27–33, https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4451-48-2_5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, J.C., Dai, Q. and Wang, M. (2020), “Globally regional life cycle analysis of automotive lithium-ion nickel manganese cobalt batteries”, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 371–396, https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-019-09869-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khabbazi, M.R., Wikander, J., Bergseth, E., Maffei, A. and Onori, M. (2017), “Assembly feature data instance modeling: Prototype implementation and outputs”, 2017 International Conference on Mechanical, System and Control Engineering (ICMSC), presented at the 2017 International Conference on Mechanical, System and Control Engineering (ICMSC), IEEE, St. Petersburg, pp. 343–347, https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICMSC.2017.7959498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khabbazi, M.R., Wikander, J., Onori, M. and Maffei, A. (2018), “Object-oriented design of product assembly feature data requirements in advanced assembly planning”, Assembly Automation, Vol. 38 No. 1, pp. 97–112, https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/AA-07-2016-084.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lander, L., Tagnon, C., Nguyen-Tien, V., Kendrick, E., Elliott, R.J.R., Abbott, A.P., Edge, J.S., et al. (2023), “Breaking it down: A techno-economic assessment of the impact of battery pack design on disassembly costs”, Applied Energy, Vol. 331, p. 120437, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Varlet, T., Schmidt, O., Gambhir, A., Few, S. and Staffell, I. (2020), “Comparative life cycle assessment of lithium-ion battery chemistries for residential storage”, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 28, p. 101230, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Z., He, J., Lai, X., Huang, Y., Zhou, T., Vatankhah Barenji, A. and Wang, W.M. (2018), “Evaluation of product recyclability at the product design phase: a time-series forecasting methodology”, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 31 No. 4–5, pp. 457–468, https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2017.1368712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muthu, S.S., Li, Y., Hu, J.-Y. and Mok, P.-Y. (2012), “Recyclability Potential Index (RPI): The concept and quantification of RPI for textile fibres”, Ecological Indicators, Vol. 18, pp. 58–62, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.10.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nordelöf, A., Messagie, M., Tillman, A.-M., Ljunggren Söderman, M. and Van Mierlo, J. (2014), “Environmental impacts of hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicles—what can we learn from life cycle assessment?”, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Vol. 19 No. 11, pp. 1866–1890, https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-014-0788-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nurdiawati, A. and Agrawal, T.K. (2022), “Creating a circular EV battery value chain: End-of-life strategies and future perspective”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 185, p. 106484, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rajaeifar, M.A., Ghadimi, P., Raugei, M., Wu, Y. and Heidrich, O. (2022), “Challenges and recent developments in supply and value chains of electric vehicle batteries: A sustainability perspective”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 180, p. 106144, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rashid, A., Asif, F.M.A., Krajnik, P. and Nicolescu, C.M. (2013), “Resource Conservative Manufacturing: an essential change in business and technology paradigm for sustainable manufacturing”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 57, pp. 166–177, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.06.012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Rosy Wei, Navin-Chandra, D. and Print, F.B. (1994), “A cost-benefit analysis model of product design for recyclability and its application”, IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology: Part A, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 502–507, https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/95.335032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakundarini, N., Taha, Z., Abdul-Rashid, S.H. and Raja Ghazilla, R.A. (2014), “Incorporation of high recyclability material selection in computer aided design”, Materials & Design (1980-2015), Vol. 56, pp. 740–749, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.11.027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The London Metal Exchange. (2023), “LME Steel HRC NW Europe (Argus)”, Lme, November, available at: https://www.lme.com/Metals/Ferrous/LME-Steel-HRC-NW-Europe-Argus (accessed 10 August 2023).Google Scholar
Vefago, L.H.M. and Avellaneda, J. (2013), “Recycling concepts and the index of recyclability for building materials”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 72, pp. 127–135, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.12.015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villalba, G., Segarra, M., Chimenos, J.M. and Espiell, F. (2004), “Using the recyclability index of materials as a tool for design for disassembly”, Ecological Economics, Vol. 50 No. 3–4, pp. 195–200, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.03.026.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villalba, G., Segarra, M., Fernández, A.I., Chimenos, J.M. and Espiell, F. (2002), “A proposal for quantifying the recyclability of materials”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 37 No. 1, pp. 39–53, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(02)00056-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, J.X., Burke, H. and Zhang, A. (2022), “Overcoming barriers to circular product design”, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 243, p. 108346, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2021.108346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zandin, K.B. (2002), MOST Work Measurement Systems, 0 ed., CRC Press, https://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482275940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar