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The clumped winds of the most massive stars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 August 2024

Sarah A. Brands Open the ORCID record for Sarah A. Brands [Opens in a new window] ,
Alex de Koter ,
Joachim M. Bestenlehner ,
Paul A. Crowther ,
Jon O. Sundqvist ,
Joachim Puls ,
Saida M. Caballero-Nieves ,
Michael Abdul-Masih ,
Florian A. Driessen  and
Miriam García
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Sarah A. Brands*
Affiliation:
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Alex de Koter
Affiliation:
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Joachim M. Bestenlehner
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
Paul A. Crowther
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
Jon O. Sundqvist
Affiliation:
Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Joachim Puls
Affiliation:
LMU München, Universitätssternwarte, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 München, Germany
Saida M. Caballero-Nieves
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace, Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
Michael Abdul-Masih
Affiliation:
Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
Florian A. Driessen
Affiliation:
Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Miriam García
Affiliation:
Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA. Crtra. de Torrejón a Ajalvir km 4. 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz (Madrid), Spain
Sam Geen
Affiliation:
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Götz Gräfener
Affiliation:
Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Calum Hawcroft
Affiliation:
Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Lex Kaper
Affiliation:
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Zsolt Keszthelyi
Affiliation:
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Norbert Langer
Affiliation:
Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Hugues Sana
Affiliation:
Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Fabian R. N. Schneider
Affiliation:
Heidelberger Institut für Theoretische Studien, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Tomer Shenar
Affiliation:
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Jorick S. Vink
Affiliation:
Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, UK
*
email: s.a.brands@uva.nl
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Abstract

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The core of the cluster R136 in the Large Magellanic Cloud hosts the most massive stars known. The high mass-loss rates of these stars strongly impact their surroundings, as well as the evolution of the stars themselves. To quantify this impact accurate mass-loss rates are needed, however, uncertainty about the degree of inhomogeneity of the winds (‘wind clumping’), makes mass-loss measurements uncertain. We combine optical and ultraviolet HST/STIS spectroscopy of 56 stars in the core of R136 in order to put constraints on the wind structure, improving the accuracy of the mass-loss rate measurements. We find that the winds are highly clumped, and use our measured mass-loss rates to test theoretical predictions. Furthermore we find, for the first time, tentative trends in the wind-structure parameters as a function of mass-loss rate, suggesting that the winds of stars with higher mass-loss rates are less clumped than those with lower mass-loss rates.

Keywords

stars: early-typestars: atmospheresstars: mass lossgalaxies: Magellanic Clouds
Type
Poster Paper
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 18 , Symposium S361: Massive Stars Near and Far , May 2022 , pp. 184 - 189
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Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Astronomical Union

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