Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T03:45:15.916Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Co-Evolution of Galaxies and Black Holes: Current Status and Future Prospects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2010

Timothy M. Heckman
Timothy M. Heckman*
Affiliation:
Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

I begin by summarizing the evidence that there is a close relationship between the evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes. They evidently share a common fuel source, and feedback from the black hole may be needed to suppress over-cooling in massive galaxies. I then review what we know about the co-evolution of galaxies and black holes in the modern universe (z < 1). We now have a good documentation of which black holes are growing (the lower mass ones), where they are growing (in the less massive early-type galaxies), and how this growth is related in a statistical sense to star formation in the central region of the galaxy. The opportunity in the next decade will be to use the new observatories to undertake ambitious programs of 3-D imaging spectroscopy of the stars and gas in order to understand the actual astrophysical processes that produce the demographics we observe. At high redshift (z > 2), the most massive black holes and the progenitors of the most massive galaxies are forming. Here, we currently have a tantalizing but fragmented view of their co-evolution. In the next decade, the huge increase in sensitivity and discovery power of our observatories will enable us to analyze the large, complete samples we need to achieve robust and clear results.

Type
Contributed Papers
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 5 , Symposium S267: Co-Evolution of Central Black Holes and Galaxies , August 2009 , pp. 3 - 14
Copyright
Copyright © International Astronomical Union 2010

References

Allen, S. W., Dunn, R. J. H., Fabian, A. C., Taylor, G. B., & Reynolds, C. S. 2006, MNRAS, 372, 21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldry, I. K., Glazebrook, K., Brinkman, J., Ivezic, Z., Lupton, R., Nichol, R., & Szalay, A. 2004, ApJ, 600, 681CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barden, M., et al. 2005, ApJ, 635, 959CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, E. F., Wolf, C., Meisenheimer, K., Rix, H.-W., Borch, A., Dye, S., Kleinheinrich, M., Wisotzki, L., & McIntosh, D. H. 2004, ApJ, 608, 752CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, P. N., Kauffmann, G., Heckman, T. M., & Ivezic, Z. 2005a, MNRAS, 362, 9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, P. N., Kauffmann, G., Heckman, T. M., Brinchmann, J., Charlot, S., Ivezic, Z., & White, S. D. M. 2005b, MNRAS, 362, 52Google Scholar
Best, P. N., Kaiser, C. R., Heckman, T. M., & Kauffmann, G. 2006, MNRAS, 368, L67CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, P. N., von der Linden, A., Kauffmann, G., Heckman, T. M., & Kaiser, C. R. 2007, MNRAS, 379, 894CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brzan, L., Rafferty, D. A., McNamara, B. R., Wise, M. W., & Nulsen, P. E. J. 2004, ApJ, 607, 800CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borys, C., Smail, I., Chapman, S. C., Blain, A. W., Alexander, D. M., & Ivison, R. J. 2005, ApJ, 635, 853CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouche, N., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 303CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bower, R., Benson, A., Malbon, R., Helly, J., Frenk, C., Baugh, C., & Lacey, C. 2006, MNRAS, 370, 645CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brinchmann, J., Charlot, S., White, S. D. M., Tremonti, C., Kauffmann, G., Heckman, T., & Brinkmann, J. 2004, MNRAS, 351, 1151CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chambers, K. C., Miley, G. K., van Breugel, W. J. M., Bremer, M. A. R., Huang, J.-S., & Trentham, N. A. 1996, ApJS, 106, 247CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ciotti, L. & Ostriker, J. 2007, ApJ, 665, 1038CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, S. C., Windhorst, R., Odewahn, S., Yan, H., & Conselice, C. 2003, ApJ, 599, 92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christensen, L., Jahnke, K., Wisotzki, L., & Sanchez, S.F. 2006, A&A, 459, 717Google Scholar
Churazov, E., Brggen, M., Kaiser, C. R., Bhringer, H., & Forman, W. 2001, ApJ, 554, 261CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cid Fernandes, R., Heckman, T., Schmitt, H., Delgado González, R., & Storchi-Bergmann, T. 2001, ApJ, 558, 81CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Croton, D. J., Springel, V., White, S. D. M., De Lucia, G., Frenk, C. S., Gao, L., Jenkins, A., Kauffmann, G., Navarro, J. F., & Yoshida, N. 2006, MNRAS, 365, 11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, R. I., Thomas, J., Genzel, R., Mueller Sanchez, F., Tacconi, L., Sternberg, A., Eisenhauer, F., Abuter, R., Saglia, R. & Bender, R. 2006, ApJ, 646, 754CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, R. I., Mueller Sanchez, F., Genzel, R., Tacconi, L. J., Hicks, E. K. S., Friedrich, S., & Sternberg, A. 2007 ApJ, 671, 1388CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, R. I., Maciejewski, W., Hicks, E., Tacconi, L., Genzel, R., & Engel, H. 2009a, ApJ, 702, 114CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, R. I., Hicks, E., Schartmann, M., Genzel, R., Tacconi, L., Engel, H., Burkert, A., Krause, M., Sternberg, A., Mueller Sanchez, F., & Maciejewskji, W., 2009b [arXiv:0911.4355]Google Scholar
Donoso, E., Best, P., & Kauffmann, G. 2009, MNRAS, 392, 617CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Matteo, T., Colberg, J., Springel, V., Hernquist, L., & Sijacki, D. 2008, ApJ, 676, 33CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faber, S., et al. 2007, ApJ, 665, 265CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabian, A., Sanders, J., Taylor, G., Allen, S., Crawford, C., Johnstone, R., & Iwasawa, K. 2006, MNRAS, 366, 417CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fathi, K., Storchi-Bergmann, T., Riffel, R. A., Winge, C., Axon, D. J., Robinson, A., Capetti, A., & Marconi, A. 2006, ApJ, 641, L25CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forster Schreiber, N., et al. 2006, AJ, 131 1891CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabor, J. M., et al. 2009, ApJ, 691, 705CrossRefGoogle Scholar
González Delgado, R., Cid Fernandes, R.Perez, E., Martins, L. P.Storchi-Bergmann, T., Schmitt, H., Heckman, T., & Leitherer, C. 2004, ApJ, 605, 127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granato, G. L., Silva, L., Monaco, P., Panuzzo, P., Salucci, P., De Zotti, G., & Danese, L. 2001, MNRAS, 324, 757CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grogin, N. A., et al. 2005, ApJ, 627, L97CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gultekin, K., et al. 2009, ApJ, 698, 198CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hao, L., et al. 2005, AJ, 129, 1783CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haring, N. & Rix, H.-W. 2004, ApJ, 604, L89CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heckman, T. M., Miley, G. K., Lehnert, M. D., & van Breugel, W. 1991a, ApJ, 370, 78CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heckman, T. M., Lehnert, M. D., Miley, G. K., & van Breugel, W. 1991b, ApJ, 381, 373CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heckman, T., Kauffmann, G., Brinchmann, J., Charlot, S., Tremonti, C., & White, S. 2004, ApJ, 613, 109CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hickox, R., et al. 2009, ApJ, 696, 891CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hicks, E. & Malkan, M. 2008, ApJS, 174, 31CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, P. F., Robertson, B., Krause, E., Hernquist, L., & Cox, T. J. 2006, ApJ, 652, 107CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, P. F., Hernquist, L., Cox, T. J., & Keres, D. 2008, ApJS, 175, 356CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jahnke, K., et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, L215CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jogee, S., et al. 2004, ApJ, 615, L105CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauffmann, G. & Haehnelt, M. 2000, MNRAS, 311, 576CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauffmann, G., White, S. D. M, & Guiderdoni, B. 1993, MNRAS, 264, 201CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauffmann, G., et al. 2003a, MNRAS, 341, 33CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauffmann, G., Heckman, T. M., White, S. D. M., Charlot, S., Tremonti, C., Peng, E. W., Seibert, M., Brinkmann, J., Nichol, R. C., SubbaRao, M., & York, D. 2003b, MNRAS, 341, 54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauffmann, G., et al. 2003c, MNRAS, 346, 1055CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauffmann, G., White, S. D. M., Heckman, T. M.Menard, B., Brinchmann, J., Charlot, S., Tremonti, C. & Brinkmann, J. 2004, MNRAS, 353, 713CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauffmann, G., et al. 2007, ApJS, 173, 357CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauffmann, G., Heckman, T., & Best, P. 2008, MNRAS, 384, 953CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauffmann, G. & Heckman, T. 2009, MNRAS, 397, 135CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keres, D., Katz, N., Weinberg, D. H., & Davé, R. 2005, MNRAS, 363, 2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krolik, J. H. & Begelman, M. 1988, ApJ, 329, 702CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kukula, M. J., Dunlop, J. S., McLure, R. J., Miller, L., Percival, W. J., Baum, S. A., & O'Dea, C. P. 2001, MNRAS, 326, 1533CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lauer, T. R., Tremaine, S., Richstone, D., & Faber, S. M. 2007, ApJ, 670, 249CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Law, D. R., Steidel, C. C., Erb, D. K., Larkin, J., Pettini, M., Shapley, A., & Wright, S. A. 2007, ApJ, 669, 929CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, C., Kauffmann, G., Heckman, T. M., White, S. D. M., & Jing, Y. P. 2008, MNRAS, 385, 1915CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindt-Krieg, E., Eckart, A., Neri, R.Krips, M., Pott, J.-U., Garcia-Burillo, S., & Combes, F. 2008, A&A, 479, 377Google Scholar
Liu, X., Zakamska, N., Greene, J., Strauss, M., Krolik, J., & Heckman, T. 2009, ApJ, 702, 1098CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marconi, A. & Hunt, L. K. 2003, ApJ, 589, L21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marconi, A., Risaliti, G., Gilli, R., Hunt, L. K., Maiolino, R., & Salvati, M. 2004, MNRAS, 351, 169CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, D. C., et al. 2007, ApJS, 173, 342CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, P., Baum, S., & Spinrad, H. 1996, ApJS, 106, 281CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLure, R. J., Jarvis, M. J., Targett, T. A., Dunlop, J. S., & Best, P. N. 2006, MNRAS, 368, 1395CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNamara, B. & Nulsen, P. 2007, ARAA, 45, 117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miley, G. K., et al. 2006, ApJ, 650, L29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nandra, K., Georgakakis, A., Willmer, C. N. A., Cooper, M. C., Croton, D. J., Davis, M., Faber, S. M., Koo, D. C., Laird, E. S., & Newman, J. A. 2007, ApJ, 660, L11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nesvadba, N. P. H., Lehnert, M. D., Eisenhauer, F., Gilbert, A., Tecza, M., & Abuter, R. 2006, ApJ, 650, 693CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nesvadba, N. P. H., Lehnert, M. D., Davies, R. I., Verma, A., & Eisenhauer, F. 2008a, A&A, 479, 67Google Scholar
Nesvadba, N. P. H., Lehnert, M., De Breuck, C., Gilbert, A., & van Breugel, W. 2008b, A&A, 491, 407Google Scholar
Norman, C. & Scoville, N. 1988, ApJ, 332, 124CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, C. Y., Impey, C. D., Rix, H.-W., Kochanek, C. S., Keeton, C. R., Falco, E. E., Lehar, J., & McLeod, B. A. 2006, ApJ, 649, 616CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierce, C. M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, L19CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pope, A., Borys, C., Scott, D., Conselice, C., Dickinson, M., & Mobasher, B. 2005, MNRAS, 358, 149CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reichard, T., Heckman, T., Rudnick, G., Brinchmann, J., Kauffmann, G., & Wild, V. 2009, ApJ, 691, 1005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ridgway, S. E., Heckman, T. M., Calzetti, D., & Lehnert, M. 2001, ApJ, 550, 122CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riffel, R., Storchi-Bergmann, T., Winge, C., Beck, T., & Schmitt, H. 2008, MNRAS, 385, 1129CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rovilos, E. & Georgantopoulos, I. 2007, A&A, 475, 115Google Scholar
Rovilos, E., Georgakakis, A., Georgantopoulos, I., Afonso, J., Koekemoer, A. M., Mobasher, B., & Goudis, C. 2007, A&A, 466, 119Google Scholar
Sadler, E., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 381, 211CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salviander, S., Shields, G. A., Gebhardt, K., & Bonning, E. W. 2007, ApJ, 662, 131CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiminovich, D., et al. 2007, ApJS, 173, 315CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schinnerer, E., Eckart, A., Tacconi, L., Genzel, R., & Downes, D. 2000, ApJ, 533, 850CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shields, G. A., Gebhardt, K., Salviander, S., Wills, B. J., Xie, B., Brotherton, M. S., Yuan, J., & Dietrich, M. 2003, ApJ, 583, 124CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silverman, J. D., et al. 2009, ApJ, 696, 396CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spergel, D., et al. 2007, ApJS, 170, 377CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steidel, C., Erb, D., Shapley, A., Pettini, M., Reddy, N., Bogosavljevic, M., Rudei, G., & Rakic, O. 2010 [arXiv:1003.0697]Google Scholar
Storchi-Bergmann, T., Dors, O. L. Jr., Riffel, R. A., Fathi, K., Axon, D. J., Robinson, A., Marconi, A., & Ostlin, G. 2007, ApJ, 670, 959CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tegmark, M., et al. 2004, Phys. Rev. D, 69, 3051CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tremaine, S., et al. 2002, ApJ, 574, 740CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tremonti, C. A., Moustakas, J., & Diamond-Stanic, A. M. 2007, ApJ, 663, L77CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tristram, K. R. W., et al. 2007, A&A, 474, 837Google Scholar
Wild, V., Kauffmann, G., Heckman, T., Charlot, S., Lemson, G., Brinchmann, J., Reichard, T., & Pasquali, A. 2007, MNRAS, 381, 543CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wild, V., Heckman, T., & Charlot, S. 2010 [arXiv:1002.3156]Google Scholar
Woo, J.-H., Treu, T., Malkan, M., & Blandford, R. 2008, ApJ, 681, 925CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zakamska, N., Strauss, M., Krolik, J., Ridgway, S., Schmidt, G., Smith, P., Heckman, T., Schneider, D., Hao, L., & Brinkmann, J. 2006, AJ, 132, 1496CrossRefGoogle Scholar