Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T05:52:04.976Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Cultural Astronomy: A scientific frame to understand academic astronomy as part of the Social World

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2021

Alejandro M. López*
Affiliation:
SIAC president, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina email: astroamlopez@hotmail.com
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In the past, Western academic astronomy has conceived in a very specific way its interests. However, in recent decades there has been a promising openness to the rest of the society, in the context of areas such as education, heritage and outreach. Despite this, there has not been an adequate scientific approach to do it, which would imply taking into account the social sciences and a truly interdisciplinary perspective. Here we want to develop the idea that this interdisciplinary approach already exists and it is called: Cultural Astronomy. Unfortunately, in the context of academic astronomy it has been only seen as a study of the “astronomies of others”, intended as previous stages or failed attempts of Western academic astronomy. We will seek to show that Cultural Astronomy, as a critical reflection on the social character of the astronomical knowledge, is key to the success of these opening efforts.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Astronomical Union

References

Acuto, F. A. & Flores, C. 2019, Patrimonio y pueblos originarios, patrimonio de los pueblos originarios: una introducción. In Acuto, F. A. & Flores, C. (eds.) Patrimonio y pueblos originarios. Patrimonio de los pueblos originarios. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Imago Mundi. 1143.Google Scholar
Altman, A. 2015, Sky Travelers: Cosmos’ Experiences Among Evangelical Indians From Argentinean Chaco. In Pimienta, F., Ribeiro, N., Silva, F., Campion, N., Joaquinito, A. & Tirapicos, L. (eds.) Proceedings of 19° SEAC Meeting, “Stars and Stones: Voyages in Archaeoastronomy and Cultural Astronomy – A meeting of different worlds”. London: Editorial British Archaeological Reports (BAR). 148–152.Google Scholar
Aveni, A. F. 1989, Introduction: whither archaeoastronomy? In Aveni, A. F. (ed.) World Archaeoastronomy Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3–12.Google Scholar
Belmonte Avilés, J. A. 2006, La investigación arqueoastronómica. apuntes culturales, metodológicos y epistemológicos. In Lull, J. (ed.) Trabajos de Arqueoastronomía. Ejemplos de Africa, América, Europa y Oceanía. Cambridge: Valencia: Agrupación Astronómica de La Safor. 4179.Google Scholar
Bloor, D. 1998, Conocimiento e imaginario social. Barcelona: Editorial Gedisa.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. 1997, Razones prácticas. Sobre la teoría de la acción. Barcelona: Editorial Anagrama.Google Scholar
Casumbal-Salazar, I. J. A. 2014, Multicultural Settler Colonialism and Indigenous Struggle in Hawai’i: The Politics of Astronomy on Mauna a Wākea. Ph.D. Thesis. Hawai’i: University of Hawai’i at Mānoa.Google Scholar
Comaroff, J. L. and Comaroff, J. 2009, Ethnicity, Inc. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escobar, A. 2005, El “postdesarrollo” como concepto y práctica social. In Mato, D. (ed.) Políticas de economía, ambiente y sociedad en tiempos de globalización. Caracas: Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, Universidad Central de Venezuela. 1731.Google Scholar
Giménez Benítez, S., López, A. M. & Granada, A. 2002, Astronomía Aborigen del Chaco: Mocovíes I: La noción de nayic (camino) como eje estructurador. Scripta Ethnológica XXIII, 39–48.Google Scholar
Herhold, A. S. 2015, Hawai’i’s Thirty Meter Telescope: Construction of the World’s Largest Telescope on a Sacred Temple. M. A. Thesis. Oslo: University of Oslo.Google Scholar
International Astronomical Union 2018, IAU Strategic Plan 2020–2030. International Astronomical Union.Google Scholar
Iwaniszewski, S. 1989, Exploring some anthropological theoretical foundations for archaeoastronomy. In Aveni, A. F. (ed.) World Archaeoastronomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2737.Google Scholar
Iwaniszewski, S. 1991, Astronomy as a Cultural System. Interdisciplinarni izsledvaniya 18, 282288.Google Scholar
Iwaniszewski, S. 2009, Por una astronomía cultural renovada. Complutum 20 (2), 2337.Google Scholar
Iwaniszewski, S. 2011, Cultural Impacts of Astronomy. In Tymieniecka, A. T. & Grandpierre, A. (eds.) Astronomy and Civilization in the New Enlightenment. Passions of the Skies.Analecta Husserliana. London-New York: Springer. 123–128.Google Scholar
Leite Lopes, J. S. 2019, Sobre processos de “ambientalização” dos conflitos e sobre dilemas da participação. Horizontes Antropológicos ano 12 (25 jan./jun), 31–64.Google Scholar
López, A. M. 2011a, Ethnoastronomy as an academic field: a framework for a South American program. In Ruggles, C. L. N. (ed.) Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy: Building Bridges between Cultures, IAU Symposium N° 278, Oxford IX International Symposium on Archaeoastronomy Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3849.Google Scholar
López, A. M. 2011b, New words for old skies: recent forms of cosmological discourse among aboriginal people of the Argentinean Chaco. In Ruggles, C. L. N. (ed.) Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy: Building Bridges between Cultures, IAU Symposium N° 278, Oxford IX International Symposium on Archaeoastronomy Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7483.Google Scholar
López, A. M. 2016, Astronomical Heritage and Aboriginal People: Conflicts and Possibilities. In Benvenuti, P. (ed.) Astronomy in Focus. As presented at the IAU XXIX General Assembly. Proceedings of the IAU. Vol. 11. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 142145.Google Scholar
López, A. M. 2018, Peoples Knocking On Heaven’s Doors: Conflicts Between International Astronomical Projects and Local Communities. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 18 (4), 439446.Google Scholar
López, A. M. 2020, Cultural astronomy perspectives on “development”. In Lago, T. (ed.) Astronomy in Focus. As presented at the IAU XXX General Assembly.IAU Symposium N°. XXX. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 580–581.Google Scholar
Miley, G. 2009, Astronomy for Development. Building from the IYA2009. Strategic Plan 2010–2020 with 2012 update on implementation. International Astronomical Union.Google Scholar
Miller, S. 2016, Mauna Kea: Two Cultures and the ‘Imiloa Astronomy Center. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 41(2–3), 222245.10.1080/03080188.2016.1223589CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCluskey, S. 2005, Different astronomies, different cultures and the question of cultural relativism. In J. W.Fountain and Sinclair, R. M. (eds.) Current Studies in Archaeoastronomy: Conversations across Time and Space. Durham NC: Carolina Academic Press. 6979.Google Scholar
Mizutani, Y. 2016, Indigenous People and Research Facilities for Space Science in the U.S.: Some Ideas for Outreach, Conflict Resolution, and Prevention. Trans. JSASS Aerospace Tech. Japan 14 (ists30), Po_5_1-Po_5_6.Google Scholar
Ruggles, C. L. N. 2010, Indigenous Astronomies and Progress in Modern Astronomy. In Lago, T. (ed.) Modern Astronomy. Accelerating the Rate of Astronomical Discovery (Special Session 5, XXVII IAU General Assembly). Vol. Proceedings of Science. PoS(sps5)029. IAU. 1–18.Google Scholar
Ruggles, C. L. N. 2011, Pushing back the frontiers or still running around the same circles? ‘Interpretative archaeoastronomy’ thirty years on. In Ruggles, C. L. N. (ed.) Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy: Building Bridges between Cultures, IAU Symposium N° 278, Oxford IX International Symposium on Archaeoastronomy Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 118.Google Scholar
Ruggles, C. L. N. & Saunders, N. J. 1993, The study of cultural astronomy. In Ruggles, C. L. N. & Saunders, N. J. (eds.) Astronomies and Cultures. Niwot: University Press of Colorado. 131.Google Scholar
Sahlins, M. 1997, Islas de Historia. La muerte del Capitán Cook. Metáfora, antropología e historia. Barcelona: Gedisa.Google Scholar
Swanner, L. A. 2013, Mountains of Controversy: Narrative and the Making of Contested Landscapes in Post-war American Astronomy. Ph.D. Thesis. Harvard: Harvard University.Google Scholar
Zeilik, M. 1983, One approach to Archaeoastronomy: an Astronomer’s View. Archaeoastronomy the journal of astronomy in culture 6 (1–4), 47.Google Scholar