High Energetic Solar Proton Flares on 26 and 28 October 2003

Abstract

During the period from 19 October to 4 November 2003, there was a sudden and high Solar activity. During this period the sunspot area increased from 1110 10E-6 Hemisphere on 19 October to 5690 10E-6 Hemisphere on 30 October, then decreased to 1110 10 E-6 Hemisphere at 4 November 2003. Also, the radio flux of 10.7 cm increased from 120 sfu on 19 October to 298 sfu on 26 October, then decrease to 168 sfu on 4 November 2003. There were two eruptive solar proton flares released on 26 and 28 October 2003, where the last one is the most eruptive flare recorded since 1976 with importance X17/4B. The proton event affecting the Earth's environment, with energy ¿10 MeV is 29500 particle flux units, on 29 October 2003 as recorded by spacecraft SOHO, due to the solar flares of 28 October. The peak of the Solar cycle 21 was at 1979, but high energetic Solar flares, or secondary peaks, occurred at the declining phase in 1981, 1982, and 1984 before the solar activity minimum in 1986. Also, the peak of the solar cycle 22 was at 1989 but high energetic solar flares occurred at the declining phase in 1991, 1992, and 1994, before the solar activity minimum in 1996. Then the secondary peaks were occurred during 2 to 3 years after the first peak, as deduced from the last five solar cycles. The period of 19 Oct. to 4 Nov. 2003 is the second peak of the solar cycle 23, where the main peak of the solar cycle 23 was at 2001. There are many terrestrial influences, due to the solar activity during Oct.-Nov. 2003. These influences are studied in details, especially the geomagnetic storms and their effects on humankind daily activity.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html