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The mean metallicity - kinematics relation in high column density MgII absorbers and selection effects in DLA surveys

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2005

David A. Turnshek
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
Sandhya M. Rao
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
Daniel B. Nestor
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA Present address: Department of Astronomy, University of Florida
Michèle Belfort-Mihalyi
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
Anna M. Quider
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Abstract

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Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasar spectroscopy is yielding a database of strong low-ionisation MgII absorbers over the redshift interval $0.36<z<2.28$ which is over two orders of magnitude larger than anything previously assembled. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) UV spectroscopy has been used to measure neutral hydrogen column densities for a small subset of them. These data empirically show that MgII absorbers with rest equivalent widths $W^{\lambda2796}_0 \ge 0.6$ Å have a mean neutral hydrogen column density that is roughly constant at $N(HI) \approx 4\times10^{20}$ atoms cm$^{-2}$, with individual systems lying in the damped Ly$\alpha$ (DLA) and sub-DLA regimes. Since the MgII doublets generally exhibit saturation, the $W^{\lambda2796}_0$ values are an indication of the absorbers' velocity spreads. Thus, we can study neutral-gas-phase metallicities as a function of kinematics by forming SDSS composite spectra and measuring weak unsaturated metal lines that form in neutral gas (e.g., CrII, FeII, MnII, SiII, ZnII) as a function of $W^{\lambda2796}_0$. We use this method on SDSS composite spectra to show how metallicity and kinematics are positively correlated for large-$N(HI)$ absorbers, including trends related to dust depletion and the enhancement of $\alpha$-elements. We also discuss the need to account for selection effects in DLA surveys, and we make inferences about models for DLA absorption and their contribution to cosmic star formation.