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Planetary ionospheres – sources and dynamic drivers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2008

Joseph M. Grebowsky  and
Arthur C. Aikin
Joseph M. Grebowsky
Affiliation:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA email: joseph.m.grebowsky@nasa.gov
Arthur C. Aikin
Affiliation:
Institute for Astrophysics and Computational Sciences, Department of Physics, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA email: aaikin1@verizon.net
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Abstract

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External energy inputs into all planetary upper atmospheres (including more than a half dozen moons with atmospheres) are comprised of combinations of solar EUV, soft x-rays, solar energetic particles, solar wind charged particles, magnetospherically accelerated particles, solar wind electric field, interplanetary dust particles as well as propagating lower atmosphere disturbances. Each input has analogous physical interactions with all planetary ionospheres and upper atmospheres, but the integrated consequences of the multiple energy inputs vary from planet to planet. The Earth forms the framework for most fundamental processes because of extensive measurements of the effects of each of the inputs. However the conditions at Earth are far different from those at the carbon dioxide atmosphere of magnetic field-free, slow-rotating Venus, the carbon dioxide atmosphere of Mars with patchy remnant magnetic fields, while the outer planets have hydrogen atmospheres, are fast rotating with intrinsic magnetic fields, and encompass moons that interact with the magnetospheres and have exotic atmospheres. Although the physical processes are known, our understanding of our solar system's ionospheres diminishes with increasing distance from the Sun.

Keywords

earthmeteorsmeteoroidsplanets and satellites: generalmagnetic fields
Type
Contributed Papers
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 4 , Symposium S257: Universal Heliophysical Processes , September 2008 , pp. 499 - 510
Copyright
Copyright © International Astronomical Union 2009

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