Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T19:08:37.233Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Supermassive black hole mass growth in infrared-luminous gas-rich galaxy mergers and potential power of (sub)millimeter H2O megamaser observations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 February 2024

Masatoshi Imanishi Open the ORCID record for Masatoshi Imanishi [Opens in a new window]
Masatoshi Imanishi*
Affiliation:
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.
*
email: masa.imanishi@nao.ac.jp
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

We present our systematic infrared and (sub)millimeter spectroscopic observations of gas/dust-rich merging ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) to scrutinize deeply buried AGNs (mass-accreting supermassive black holes [SMBHs]). We have found signatures of optically elusive, but intrinsically luminous buried AGNs in a large fraction of nearby (z < 0.3) ULIRGs, suggesting that SMBH mass growth is ongoing in the ULIRG population. Using ALMA, we have detected compact (<100 pc), very luminous (>104Lʘ), AGN-origin, 183 GHz (1.6 mm) H2O megamaser emission in one merging ULIRG, demonstrating that the megamaser emission can be a very powerful tool to dynamically estimate SMBH masses, with the smallest modeling uncertainty of kpc-wide stellar and gas mass distribution, at dusty ULIRGs’ nuclei, because of minimum extinction effects at millimeter. We present our current results and future prospect for the study of the SMBH mass growth in gas/dust-rich galaxy mergers, using (sub)millimeter AGN-origin H2O megamaser emission lines.

Keywords

Supermassive black holeWater megamaserUltraluminous infrared galaxiesActive galactic nucleiMillimeter megamaserGas-rich galaxy mergers
Type
Contributed Paper
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 18 , Symposium S380: Cosmic Masers: Proper Motion toward the Next-Generation Large Projects , December 2022 , pp. 23 - 35
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Astronomical Union

References

Aladro, R., Martin, S., Riquelme, D., et al. 2015, A&A, 579, A101 Google Scholar
Alonso-Herrero, A., Ward, M. J., & Kotilainen, J. K. 1997, MNRAS, 288, 977 10.1093/mnras/288.4.977CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armus, L., Charmandaris, V., Bernard-Salas, J., et al. 2007, ApJ, 656, 148 10.1086/510107CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, J. A., Phillips, M. M., & Terlevich, R. 1981, PASP, 93, 5 10.1086/130766CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bardeen, J. M. 1970, Nature, 226, 64 10.1038/226064a0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boizelle, B. D., Barth, A. J., Walsh, J. L., et al. 2019, ApJ, 881, 10 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2a0aCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braatz, J. A., Henkel, C., Greenhill, L. J., Moran, J. M., & Wilson, A. S. 2004, ApJ, 617, L29 10.1086/427185CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braatz, J. A., Wilson, A. S., & Henkel, C. 1997, ApJS, 110, 321 10.1086/312999CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burtscher, L., Orban de Xivry, G., Davies, R. I., et al. 2015, A&A, 578, 47 Google Scholar
Butterworth, J., Holdship, J., Viti, S., & Garcia-Burillo, S. 2022, A&A, 667, A131 Google Scholar
Dasyra, K. M., Tacconi, L. J., Davies, R. I., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 835 10.1086/507834CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, T. A., 2014, MNRAS, 443, 911 10.1093/mnras/stu1163CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeBuhr, J., Quataert, E., & Ma, C-P. 2011, MNRAS, 412, 1341 Google Scholar
Diaz-Santos, T., Charmandaris, V., Armus, L., et al. 2010, ApJ, 723, 993 10.1088/0004-637X/723/2/993CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downes, D., & Eckart, A. 2007, A&A, 468, L57 Google Scholar
Ferrarese, L., & Merritt, D. 2000, ApJ, 539, L9 10.1086/312838CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, Y., & Solomon, P. M. 2004, ApJS, 152, 63 10.1086/383003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genzel, R., Lutz, D., Sturm, E., et al. 1998, ApJ, 498, 579 10.1086/305576CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genzel, R., Tacconi, L. J., Rigopoulou, D., et al. 2001, ApJ, 563, 527 10.1086/323772CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gonzalez-Alfonso, E., Fischer, J., Isaak, K., et al. 2010, A&A, 518, L43 Google Scholar
Gonzalez-Alfonso, E., Fischer, J., Sturm, E., et al. 2015, ApJ, 800, 69 10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, M. D., Baudry, A., Richards, A. M. S., et al. 2016, MNRAS, 456, 374 10.1093/mnras/stv2437CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenhill, L. J., Booth, R. S., Ellingsen, S. P., et al. 2003a, ApJ, 590, 162 10.1086/374862CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenhill, L. J., Ellingsen, S. P., Norris, R. P., et al. 2002, ApJ, 565, 836 10.1086/324383CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenhill, L. J., Gwinn, C. R., Antonucci, R., & Barvainis, R. 1996, ApJ, 472, L21 10.1086/310346CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenhill, L. J., Kondratko, P. T., Lovell, J. E. J., et al. 2003b, ApJ, 582, L11 10.1086/367602CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenhill, L. J., Moran, J. M., & Herrnstein, J. R. 1997, ApJ, 481, L23 10.1086/310643CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagiwara, Y., Diamond, P. J., & Miyoshi, M. 2002, A&A, 383, 65 Google Scholar
Hagiwara, Y., Horiuchi, S., Doi, A., Miyoshi, M., & Edwards, P. G. 2016, ApJ, 827, 69,10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagiwara, Y., Horiuchi, S., Imanishi, M., & Edwards, P. G. 2021, ApJ, 923, 251 10.3847/1538-4357/ac3089CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagiwara, Y., Miyoshi, M., Doi, A., & Horiuchi, S. 2013, ApJ, 768, L38 10.1088/2041-8205/768/2/L38CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harada, N., Herbst, E., & Wakelam, V. 2010, ApJ, 721, 1570 10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1570CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henkel, C., Peck, A. B., Tarchi, A., et al. 2005, A&A, 436, 75 Google Scholar
Hildebrand, R. H. 1983, QJRAS, 24, 267 Google Scholar
Hopkins, P. F., Hernquist, L., Cox, T. J., et al. 2005, ApJ, 630, 705 10.1086/432438CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, P. F., Hernquist, L., Cox, T. J., et al. 2006, ApJS, 163, 1 10.1086/499298CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, P. F., Hernquist, L., Cox, T. J., & Keres, D. 2008, ApJS, 175, 356 10.1086/524362CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humphreys, E. M. L. Greenhill, L. J., Reid, M. J., et al. 2005, ApJ, 634, L13310.1086/498890CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humphreys, E. M. L., Vlemmings, W. H. T., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., et al. 2016, A&A, 592, L13 Google Scholar
Ichikawa, K., Ricci, C., Ueda, Y., et al. 2019, ApJ, 870, 31 10.3847/1538-4357/aaef8fCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M. 2009, ApJ, 694, 751 10.1088/0004-637X/694/2/751CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Baba, S., Nakanishi, K., & Izumi, T. 2023, ApJ, 950, 75 10.3847/1538-4357/acc388CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Dudley, C. C., & Maloney, P. R. 2006a, ApJ, 637, 114 10.1086/498391CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Dudley, C. C., Maiolino, R., et al. 2007a, ApJS, 171, 72 10.1086/513715CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Hagiwara, Y., Horiuchi, S., Izumi, T., & Nakanishi, K. 2021, MNRAS, 502, L79 10.1093/mnrasl/slab006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Imase, K., Oi, N., & Ichikawa, K. 2011, AJ, 141, 156 10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/156CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Maiolino, R., & Nakagawa, T. 2010b, ApJ, 709, 801 10.1088/0004-637X/709/2/801CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Nakagawa, T., Ohyama, Y., et al. 2008, PASJ, 60, S489 10.1093/pasj/60.sp2.S489CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Nakagawa, T., Shirahata, M., Ohyama, Y., & Onaka, T. 2010a, ApJ, 721, 1233 10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1233CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Nakanishi, K., & Izumi, T. 2016a, ApJ, 825, 44 10.3847/0004-637X/825/1/44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Nakanishi, K., & Izumi, T. 2016b, AJ, 152, 218 10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/218CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Nakanishi, K., & Izumi, T. 2018, ApJ, 856, 143 10.3847/1538-4357/aab42fCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Nakanishi, K., & Izumi, T. 2019, ApJS, 241, 19 10.3847/1538-4365/ab05b9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Nakanishi, K., Izumi, T., & Baba, S., 2022, ApJ, 926, 159 10.3847/1538-4357/ac3a68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Nakanishi, K., & Kohno, K. 2006b, AJ, 131, 2888 10.1086/503527CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Nakanishi, K., Tamura, Y., Oi, N., & Kohno, K. 2007b, AJ, 134, 2366 10.1086/523598CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Nakanishi, K., Tamura, Y., & Peng, C. -H. 2009, AJ, 137, 3581 10.1088/0004-6256/137/3/3581CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imanishi, M., Nguyen, D. D., Wada, K., et al. 2020, ApJ, 902, 99 10.3847/1538-4357/abaf50CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Izumi, T., Kohno, K., Aalto, S., et al. 2016, ApJ, 818, 42 10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/42CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Izumi, T., Kohno, K., Martin, S., et al. 2013, PASJ, 65, 100 10.1093/pasj/65.5.100CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kameno, S., Harikane, Y., Sawada-Satoh, S., et al. 2023, PASJ, 75, L1 10.1093/pasj/psad011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kameno, S., Sawada-Satoh, S., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., et al. 2020, ApJ, 895, 73 10.3847/1538-4357/ab8bd6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauffmann, G., Heckman, T. M., Tremonti, C., et al. 2003, MNRAS, 346, 1055 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2003.07154.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kewley, L. J., Heisler, C. A., Dopita, M. A., & Lumsden, S. 2001, ApJS, 132, 37 10.1086/318944CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohno, K. 2005, in AIP Conf. Ser. 783, The Evolution of Starbursts, ed. Hüttemeister, S., Manthey, E., Bomans, D., & Weis, K. (New York: AIP), 203 (astro-ph/0508420)Google Scholar
Kondratko, P. T., Greenhill, L. J., & Moran, J. M. 2006a, ApJ, 652, 136 10.1086/507885CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kondratko, P. T., Greenhill, L. J., Moran, J. M., et al. 2006b, ApJ, 638, 100 10.1086/498641CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kormendy, J., & Ho, L. C. 2013, ARAA, 51, 511 10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101811CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krips, M., Neri, R., Garcia-Burillo, S., et al. 2008, ApJ, 677, 262 10.1086/527367CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuo, C. Y., Braatz, J. A., Condon, J. J., et al. 2011, ApJ, 727, 20 10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuo, C. Y., Braatz, J. A., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., et al. 2020a, MNRAS, 498, 1609 10.1093/mnras/staa2260CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuo, C. Y., Hsiang, J. Y., Chung, H. H., et al. 2020b, ApJ, 892, 18 10.3847/1538-4357/ab781dCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leroy, A., Evans, A., Momjian, E., et al. 2011, ApJL, 739, L25 10.1088/2041-8205/739/1/L25CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magorrian, J., et al. 1998, ApJ, 115, 2285 10.1086/300353CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maloney, P. R. 2002, PASA, 19, 401 10.1071/AS01100CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsushita, S., Iono, D., Petitpas, G. R., et al. 2009, ApJ, 693, 56 10.1088/0004-637X/693/1/56CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McConnell, N. J. & Ma, C-P. 2013, ApJ, 764, 184 10.1088/0004-637X/764/2/184CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meijerink, R., Spaans, M., & Israel, F. P. 2007, A&A, 461, 793 Google Scholar
Miyoshi, M., Moran, J., & Herrnstein, J., et al. 1995, Nature, 373, 127 10.1038/373127a0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, E. J., Stierwalt, S., Armus, L., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 2 10.1088/0004-637X/768/1/2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakajima, T., Takano, S., Kohno, K., Harada, N., & Herbst, E. 2018, PASJ, 70, 7 10.1093/pasj/psx153CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nardini, E., Risaliti, G., Salvati, M., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 385, L130 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00450.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nardini, E., Risaliti, G., Salvati, M., et al. 2009, MNRAS, 399, 1373 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15357.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nardini, E., Risaliti, G., Watabe, Y., Salvati, M., & Sani, E. 2010, MNRAS, 405, 2505 Google Scholar
Neufeld, D. A., & Melnick, G. J. 1991, ApJ, 368, 215 10.1086/169685CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oda, S., Tanimoto, A., Ueda, Y., et al. 2017, ApJ, 835, 179 10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/179CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panessa, F., Castangia, P., Malizia, A., et al. 2020, A&A, 641, A162 Google Scholar
Pereira-Santaella, M., Colina, L., Garcia-Burillo, S., et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A42 Google Scholar
Pesce, D. W., Braatz, J. A., & Impellizzeri, C. M. V., 2016, ApJ, 827, 68 10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pesce, D. W., Braatz, J. A., Henkel, C., et al. 2023, ApJ, submitted (arXiv:2302.02572)Google Scholar
Predehl, P., & Schmitt, J. H. M. M. 1995, A&A, 293, 889 Google Scholar
Privon, G. C., Herrero-Illana, R., Evans, A. S., et al. 2015, ApJ, 814, 39 10.1088/0004-637X/814/1/39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ranalli, P., Comastri, A., & Setti, G. 2003, A&A, 399, 39 Google Scholar
Ricci, C., Bauer, F. E., Treister, E., et al. 2016, ApJ, 819, 4 10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ricci, C., Bauer, F. E., Treister, E., et al. 2017, MNRAS, 468, 1273 Google Scholar
Ryter, C. E. 1996, Ap&SS, 236, 285 Google Scholar
Saito, T., Iono, D., Ueda, J., et al. 2018, MNRAS, 475, L52 10.1093/mnrasl/slx207CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakamoto, K., Gonzalez-Alfonso, E., Martin, S., et al. 2021, ApJ, 923, 206 10.3847/1538-4357/ac2746CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakamoto, K., Wang, J., Wiedner, M. C., et al. 2008, ApJ, 684, 957 10.1086/590484CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, D. B., & Mirabel, I. F. 1996, ARAA, 34, 749 10.1146/annurev.astro.34.1.749CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scoville, N., Murchikova, L., Walter, F., et al. 2017, ApJ, 836, 66 10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/66CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shang, Z., Brotherton, M. S., Wills, B. J., et al. 2011, ApJ, 196, 2 Google Scholar
Soifer, B. T., Neugebauer, G., Matthews, K., et al. 2000, AJ, 119, 509 10.1086/301233CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takano, S., Nakajima, T., & Kohno, K. 2019, PASJ, 71, S20 10.1093/pasj/psz020CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teng, S. H., Rigby, J. R., Stern, D., et al. 2015, ApJ, 814, 56 10.1088/0004-637X/814/1/56CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, T. A., Quataert, E., & Murray, N. 2005, ApJ, 630, 167 10.1086/431923CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorne, K. S. 1974, ApJ, 191, 507 10.1086/152991CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veilleux, S., & Osterbrock, D. E. 1987, ApJS, 63, 295 10.1086/191166CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veilleux, S., Rupke, D. S. N., Kim, D.-C., et al. 2009, ApJS, 182, 628 10.1088/0067-0049/182/2/628CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamada, S., Ueda, Y., Tanimoto, A., et al. 2021, ApJS, 257, 61 10.3847/1538-4365/ac17f5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamauchi, A., Miyamoto, Y., Nakai, N., et al. 2017, PASJ, 69, L6 10.1093/pasj/psx052CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yates, J. A., Field, D., & Gray, M. D. 1997, MNRAS, 285, 303 10.1093/mnras/285.2.303CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, S. D. M., & Rees, M. J. 1978, MNRAS, 183, 341 10.1093/mnras/183.3.341CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilms, J., Allen, A., & McCray, R. 2000, ApJ, 542, 914 10.1086/317016CrossRefGoogle Scholar