Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T05:16:56.850Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

13.—A Search for the Quark in Extensive Air Showers, using a Counter-controlled Cloud Chamber*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 February 2012

G. R. Evans ,
N. E. Fancey ,
J. Muir  and
A. A. Watson
G. R. Evans
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Edinburgh
N. E. Fancey
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Edinburgh
J. Muir
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Edinburgh
A. A. Watson
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Leeds
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

A search is reported for the relativistic e/3 quark among the cores of Extensive Air Showers initiated by primaries with energies greater than 1014 eV. The detector is a high-pressure cloud chamber filled with helium at 28 atmospheres, and is counter controlled. The experimental conditions avoid the criticisms levelled at the McCusker experiment and are such that the tracks of e/3 quarks cannot be simulated by singly charged shower particles either through statistical variations in primary ionisation or otherwise. The primary ionisation density, measured using a gap-counting technique on post-expansion electron and muon tracks, is compared with predictions from the theory of Budini et al. (1960). The agreement achieved shows that the theory is a reliable foundation for methods of identifying quark candidates, and measuring charges. The experiment has been running for 5000 hours. No quark candidates have been found. With an acceptance angle of 0·3 sr and an area of 140 cm2, this sets the upper limit of flux of e/3 quarks at 4 × 10−9 cm−2 sec−1 sr−1 with 95 per cent, confidence. The experiment is being continued.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section A: Mathematics , Volume 70 , 1972 , pp. 143 - 153
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1972

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References to Literature

Adair, R. K. and Kasha, H., 1969. Phys. Rev. Lett., 23, 1355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allison, W. W. M., Derrick, M., Hunt, G. P., Simpson, J. K., and Voyvodic, L., 1970. Phys. Rev. Lett., 25, 550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antipov, Yu. M., Bolotov, V. N., Devishev, M. I., Devisheva, M. N., Isakov, V. V., Karpov, I. I., Khodyrev, Yu. S., Krendelev, V. A., Landsberg, L. C., Lapshin, V. G., Lebedev, A. A., Morozov, A. G., Prokoshkin, Yu. D., Rybakov, V. A., Rykalin, V. I., Samojlov, A. V., Senko, V. A., Vishnevsky, N. K., Yetch, F. A. and Zajtzev, A. M., 1969. Phys. Lett., 30B 576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashton, F., Coats, R. B., King, J., Tsugi, K. and Wolfendale, A. W., 1971. J. Phys., A, 4, 895.Google Scholar
Budini, P., Tuffara, L. and Viola, C. 1960. Nuovo Cimento, 18, 864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, A. F., Ernst, R. D., Finn, H. F., Griffin, G. G., Hansen, N. E., Smith, D. E. and Powell, W. M., 1971. Phys. Rev. Lett., 27, 51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chu, W. T., Kim, Y. S., Beam, W. J. and Kwak, N., 1970. Phys. Rev. Lett., 24, 917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, A. J., Beauchamp, W. T., Bowen, T. and Kalbach, R. M., 1971. Paper HE-9, 12th Int. Conf. of Cosmic Rays, Hobart Conf. Papers (Univ. Tasmania) 3, 1167.Google Scholar
Damgaard, G., Grieder, P., Hansen, K. H., Iversen, C., Lohse, E., Peters, B. and Kengartjan, T., 1965. Phys. Lett., 17, 152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dardo, M., Pengo, P. and Sitte, K., 1968. Nuovo Cimento, 58A, 59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gell-Mann, M., 1964. Phys. Lett., 8, 214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayman, P. J. and Wolfendale, A. W., 1962. Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond., 80, 710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hazen, W. E., 1971. Phys. Rev. Lett., 26, 58, and Paper HE-6, 12th Int. Conf. on Cosmic Rays, Hobart Conf. Papers (Univ. Tasmania), 3, 1160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, L. W., Lyon, D. E. Jr, Ramana Murthy, P. V., Demeester, G., Hartung, R. W., Mikamo, S., Reeder, D. D., Subramanian, A., Cork, B., Dayton, B., Benevenuti, A., Marquit, E., Kearney, P. D., Bussian, A. E., Mills, F., Radmer, C. and Winter, W. R., 1967. Phys. Rev., 164, 1584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCusker, C. B. A. and Cairns, I., 1969. Phys. Rev. Lett., 23, 658.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCusker, C. B. A., Peak, L. S. and Rathgeber, M. H., 1969. Phys. Rev., 177, 1902.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tonwar, S.C., Naranan, S. and Sreekantan, B. V., 1971. Paper HE-13, 12th Int. Conf. on Cosmic Rays, Hobart Conf. Papers (Univ. Tasmania) 3, 1171.Google Scholar
Williams, E. J., 1939. Proc. Roy. Soc., A, 172, 194.Google Scholar
Wilson, J. G., 1970. Nature, Lond., 225, 1238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zweig, G., 1964. CERN Rep., 8419/Th 412.Google Scholar