Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T18:09:46.628Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The UnCivic Culture: Communication, Identity, and the Rise of Lifestyle Politics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2013

W. Lance Bennett*
Affiliation:
University of Washington

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
1998 Ithiel de Sola Pool Lecture
Copyright
Copyright © The American Political Science Association 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

I am grateful to a number of people who have shared both data and unpublished analyses with me. In particular, I thank Marty Horn, director of research at DDB Needham in Chicago, for sharing the exhaustive research on personal lifestyles contained in the Life Style Studies, 1975-97. Also, Stephen Rose, formerly chief economist for the National Commission on Employment Policy and now at the Educational Testing Service, has provided valuable analyses of individual-level workforce trends dating from 1967. Wendy Rahn has stimulated my thinking with her original analyses of General Social Survey and Monitoring the Future data. Additional analyses of the GSS and MTF data sets for this project were conducted by Valerie Hunt, without whose assistance far too many questions would have gone unanswered. Regina Lawrence provided creative input through web-based data searches, as well as with her usual cogent criticism. I am also indebted to a number of colleagues for their readings and responses to earlier versions of these ideas. They include Murray Edelman, Robert Lane, Bill Gamson, Robert Putnam, and Ed Greenberg. I also thank David Altheide, David Swanson, and Bruce Gronbeck for opportunities to present talks on aspects of this project at Arizona State University, the University of Illinois, and the University of Iowa. Gene Borgida, Wendy Rahn, and John Sullivan provided a stimulating forum for early airing of these ideas at the Minnesota Political Psychology Symposium. The responses of the participants and audiences in all cases were most helpful to developing these ideas. Bryan Jones and the Center for American Politics and Public Policy at the University of Washington have provided both a stimulating environment and important support for this research.

References

Anderson, Benedict. 1991. Imagined Communities. 2nd. ed. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Bennett, W. Lance. 1990. “Toward a Theory of Press-State Relations in the United States.” Journal of Communication 40(Spring): 103–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, W. Lance 1996. News: The Politics of Illusion. 3rd ed. White Plains, NY: Longman.Google Scholar
Bennett, W. Lance, and Manheim, Jarol B. 1998. “The Big Spin: Using Political Processes in Strategic Communication.” Presented at the Annenberg Policy Center Workshop on Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Bevins, Anthony. 1991. “Parliament and Politics: Patten Emerges as the Guiding Intelligence.” The Independent, March 13.Google Scholar
Bluestone, Barry, and Rose, Stephen. 1997. “Overworked and Underemployed.” The American Prospect 31(March-April): 5869.Google Scholar
Blumler, Jay G., and Kavanaugh, Dennis. 1998. “A Third Age of Political Communication: Where Is It Heading?” Presented at the Roundtable on Seeking Responsible Futures for Political Communication, London.Google Scholar
Brody, Richard A. 1991. Assessing the President: The Media, Elite Opinion, and Public Support. Stanford: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnham, Walter Dean. 1982. The Current Crisis in American Politics. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cappella, Joseph N., and Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. 1997. Spiral of Cynicism: The Press and the Public Good. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Carnavale, Anthony P. 1995. “Introduction.” In Declining Job Security and the Professionalization of Opportunity, auth. Rose, Stephen J. Research Report 95-04 (May). Washington, DC: National Commission for Employment Policy.Google Scholar
Carnavale, Anthony P., and Rose, Stephen J. 1998. Education for What? The New Office Economy. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.Google Scholar
Cassidy, John. 1998. “The Triumphalist.” The New Yorker, July 6, 5460.Google Scholar
Cook, Timothy. 1998. Governing with the News: The News Media as a Political Institution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
DDB Needham. 19751997. Trends: Net Responses to the 1975–1997 Life Style Studies. Chicago: DDB Needham Worldwide.Google Scholar
Edelman, Murray. 1988. Constructing the Political Spectacle. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Edelman, Murray. 1993. “Contestable Categories and Public Opinion.” Political Communication 10(July-September): 231–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Entman, Robert. 1989. Democracy without Citizens: Media and the Decay of American Politics. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fiorina, Morris. 1981. Retrospective Voting in American National Elections. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Fromm, Erich. 1941. Escape from Freedom. New York: Avon Books.Google Scholar
Fromm, Erich. 1960. The Fear of Freedom. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Gamson, William A. 1992. Talking Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gamson, William A. 1998. “Promoting Political Engagement.” Presented at the Annenberg Policy Center Workshop on Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Gandy, Oscar. 1998. “Dividing Practices: Segmentation, Targeting, and the Shaping of Political Identity.” Presented at the Annenberg Policy Center Workshop on Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Giddens, Anthony. 1991. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in Late Modern Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Ginsberg, Benjamin, and Shefter, Martin. 1990. Politics by Other Means: The Declining Importance of Elections in America. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Gitlin, Todd. 1995. The Twilight of Common Dreams: Why America Is Wracked by Culture Wars. New York: Henry Holt.Google Scholar
Goldberg, Ellis. 1996. “Thinking About How Democracy Works.” Politics & Society 24:718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Habermas, Jurgen. 1989. Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Trans. Burger, Thomas and Lawrence, Frederick. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Hodgkinson, Virginia A., and Weitzman, Murray S. 1996. “Giving and Volunteering in the United States.” Independent Sector: Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Hunter, James Davison. 1991. Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Hunter, James Davison, and Johnson, Daniel C. 1997. “A State of Disunion?The Public Perspective 8(February/March): 3538.Google Scholar
Inglehart, Ronald. 1997. Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iyengar, Shanto. 1991. Is Anyone Responsible? Chicago; University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. 1992. Dirty Politics. New York: Oxford.Google Scholar
Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. 1998. “The New Discourse of Democracy: Policy, Issue, and Election Campaigns.” Presented at the Annenberg Policy Center Workshop on Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Katz, Elihu, and Lazarsfeld, Paul. 1955. Personal Influence. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.Google Scholar
Klam, Matthew. 1998. “Some of My Best Friends Are Rich.” The New York Times Magazine, June 7.Google Scholar
Lane, Robert E. 1994. “The Happy Mask of War and Violence: Lessons for Market Democracies.” Presented at the annual meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.Google Scholar
Lane, Robert E. 1996Searching for Lost Companions in the Groves of the Market.” Paper prepared for the Princeton University Conference on Understanding Quality of Life: Enjoyment and Suffering, Princeton.Google Scholar
Lasswell, Harold D. 1952. “Democratic Character.” In The Political Writings of Harold D. Lasswell. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.Google Scholar
Lasswell, Harold D. 1965. World Politics and Personal Insecurity. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Leiss, William, Kline, Stephen, and Jhally, Sut. 1990. Social Communication in Advertising: Persons, Products, and Images of Well-Being. Scarborough, Ontario: Nelson Canada.Google Scholar
Levi, Margaret. 1996. “Social and Unsocial Capital: A Review Essay of Robert Putnam's Making Democracy Work .” Politics & Society 24: 4556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupia, Arthur, and McCubbins, Mathew D. 1998. The Democratic Dilemma: Can Citizens Learn What They Need to Know? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Manheim, Jarol. 1994. “Strategic Public Diplomacy: Managing Kuwait's Image During the Gulf Conflict.” In Taken by Storm: The Media, Public Opinion and U. S. Foreign Policy in the Gulf War, ed. Bennett, W. Lance and Paletz, David L.. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
McCombs, Maxwell, and Shaw, Donald L. 1972. “The Agenda Setting Function of the Mass Media.” Public Opinion Quarterly 36:176–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merelman, Richard. Forthcoming. “On Legitimalaise in the United States: A Weberian Analysis.” Sociological Quarterly.Google Scholar
Morin, Richard. 1998. “Don't Waste the Volunteer's Time.” The Washington Post National Weekly Edition, May 18, 35.Google Scholar
Morin, Richard, and Rosenfeld, Megan. 1998. “The Politics of Fatigue.” The Washington Post National Weekly Edition, April 20, 68.Google Scholar
Neuman, W. Russell. 1998. “Audience Fragmentation and the Future of a Common Political Culture.” Presented at the Annenberg Policy Center Workshop on Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Norris, Pippa. 1996. “Does Television Erode Social Capital? A Reply to Putnam.” PS: Political Science and Politics 29(September): 474–80.Google Scholar
Pae, Peter, and Stoughton, Stephanie. 1998. “The Bankruptcy Boom.” The Washington Post National Weekly Edition, June 15, 2021.Google Scholar
Page, Benjamin I. 1996. Who Deliberates? Mass Media in American Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Page, Benjamin I., and Shapiro, Robert Y. 1992. The Rational Public. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, Thomas. 1993. Out of Order. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Pool, Ithiel de Sola. 1983. Technologies of Freedom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pool, Ithiel de Sola. 1990. Technologies Without Boundaries: On Telecommunication in a Global Age. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, Robert D. 1993. Making Democracy Work. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert D. 1995. “Tuning In, Tuning Out: The Strange Disappearance of Social Capital in America.” PS: Political Science and Politics 28(December): 664–83.Google Scholar
Rahn, Wendy M. 1997. “Media Messages, Political Culture, and National Identity.” Presented at the Annenberg Policy Center Workshop on Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Rahn, Wendy M., and Transue, John. 1997. “The Decline of Social Trust Among American Youth: The American Economy, Value Change, and Social Capital.” Center for the Study of Political Psychology, University of Minnesota. Manuscript.Google Scholar
Robinson, John P., and Bostrom, Ann. 1994. “The Overestimated Workweek? What Time Diaries Suggest.” Monthly Labor Review (August).Google Scholar
Center, Roper. 1997. “Americans Rate Their Society and Chart Its Values: A Roper Center Review of Findings of the General Social Survey and the 1996 Survey of American Politcal Culture.” In The Public Perspective 8(February/March): 127.Google Scholar
Rose, Stephen J. 1994. “On Shaky Ground: Rising Fears about Income and Earnings.” Research Report No. 94-02 (October). Washington, DC: National Commission for Employment Policy.Google Scholar
Rose, Stephen J. 1995. “Declining Job Security and the Professionalization of Opportunity.” Research Report 95-04 (May). Washington, DC: National Commission for Employment Policy.Google Scholar
Schor, Juliet. 1991. The Overworked American. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Schor, Juliet, and You, Jong-Il. 1995. Capital, the State and Labour: A Global Perspective. Aldershot, UK: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Sniderman, Paul M., Brody, Richard A., and Tetlock, Philip E. 1991. Reasoning and Choice: Explorations in Political Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swanson, David L. 1991. “The Political-Media Complex,” Communication Monographs 59(4).Google Scholar
Times Mirror. 1994. “Economic Recovery Has Little Impact on American Mood.” Times Mirror Center for the People and the Press, Washington, DC, April 6. News Release.Google Scholar
Times Mirror. 1995. “The People, The Press and Politics: The New Political Landscape.” Times Mirror Center: Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Tocqueville, Alexis de. 1945. Democracy in America. Vol. 2. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Turner, Stephen P. 1996. “Introduction: Social Theory and Sociology.” In Social Theory and Sociology, ed. Turner, Stephen P. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Turow, Joseph. 1997. Breaking Up America: Advertisers and the New Media World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veblen, Thorstein. 1961. The Theory of the Leisure Class. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Verba, Sidney, Schlozman, Kay Lehman, and Brady, Henry E. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Volunteerism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, Peter. 1996. “Crises of Modernity: Political Sociology in Historical Context.” In Social Theory and Sociology, ed. Turner, Stephen P. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Wald, Matthew L. 1998. “Anger Cited in 28,000 Road Deaths a Year.” The New York Times, July 18.Google Scholar
Wattenberg, Martin. 1994. The Decline of American Political Parties, 1952–1992. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1958. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Scribners.Google Scholar
Zaller, John R. 1992. Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaller, John R. 1998a. “Monica Lewinsky's Contribution to Political SciencePS: Political Science and Politics 31 (June): 182–89.Google Scholar
Zaller, John R. 1998b. “The Politics of Substance.” Presented at the Annenberg Policy Center Workshop on Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy, Washington, DC.Google Scholar