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Neuropsychologie de L’anxiété: une Ouverture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2020

M. de Bonis
M. de Bonis*
Affiliation:
CNRS, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Résumé

On se propose de montrer comment l’émergence d’un nouveau paradigme en psychologie – la psychologie cognitive, son extension à l’étude de l’anxiété – offre par rapport à deux modéles dominants – la théorie de l’apprentissage et la psychanalyse – une troisième voie de recherche. Parmi les acceptions du terme «cognitif», c’est l’idée d’une organisation des niveaux expressifs qui est retenue. Partant d’une définition de l’anxiété en termes de conséquence comportementale d’un faisceau d’interactions, on montre à l’appui de méthodes neuropsychologiques élargies: – l’existence de dissociations entre niveaux expressifs en insistant sur le degré de liberté et l’hétérogénéité de fonctionnement qui en découlent; – l’existence de formes d’indépendance ou d’interdépendance entre niveaux expressifs, en évoquant les controverses sur le caractére automatique ou volontaire des liaisons entre expressions faciales et les autres niveaux expressifs, verbaux et psychophysiologiques; – le rôle privilégié du langage en tant que fonction intégratrice des autres niveaux expressifs. En conclusion, on souligne que la spécificité de l’anxiété au sein du systèmé général des émotions consiste essentiellement dans son caractère non modulaire.

Summary

Summary

The emergence of a new paradigm, cognitive psychology, seems to offer as compared with the two prevailing psychological models, learning theory and psychoanalysis, a third means of studying anxiety states. Among the different meanings of the word «cognitive», the idea of an organization of expressive levels is underlined, with anxiety defined in terms of the behavioral consequence of a cluster of interactions. The three following properties are emphasized within a broad neuropsychological approach: dissociations between expressive levels leading to a greater level of freedom and a functional heterogeneity; diversity of the forms of relationships between the expressive levels (front independency to interdependency), taking into consideration the controversy regarding the automatic or voluntary control between facial expressions and other expressive levels, verbal and psychophysiological; prevailing role of language as an integrator of the other expressive levels.

In conclusion, it is suggested that the specificity of anxiety within the general system of emotions consists in its property of non modularity.

Keywords

théorie cognitiveanxiétéexpression facialeintégration verbalenon-modularitécognitive theoryanxietyfacial expressionverbal integrationnon-modularity
Type
Research Article
Information
Psychiatry and Psychobiology , Volume 3 , Issue S2: Aspects cliniques et cognitifs de l'anxiété Paris, 28 Janvier 1988 , 1988 , pp. 107s - 113s
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 1988

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References

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