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Assessing cognitive abilities and dementia in a predominantly illiterate population of older individuals in Kinmen

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

H. C. Liu ,
P. Chou ,
K. N. Lin ,
S. J. Wang ,
J. L. Fuh ,
H. C. Lin ,
C. Y. Liu ,
G. S. Wu ,
E. B. Larson  and
L. R. White
...Show all authors
H. C. Liu*
Affiliation:
Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Medical College and Department of Psychiatry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan: Bureau of Public Health and Environment Protection, Kinmen, ROC; Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington and Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, National Institute on Aging, Honolulu; Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
P. Chou
Affiliation:
Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Medical College and Department of Psychiatry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan: Bureau of Public Health and Environment Protection, Kinmen, ROC; Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington and Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, National Institute on Aging, Honolulu; Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
K. N. Lin
Affiliation:
Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Medical College and Department of Psychiatry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan: Bureau of Public Health and Environment Protection, Kinmen, ROC; Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington and Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, National Institute on Aging, Honolulu; Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
S. J. Wang
Affiliation:
Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Medical College and Department of Psychiatry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan: Bureau of Public Health and Environment Protection, Kinmen, ROC; Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington and Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, National Institute on Aging, Honolulu; Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
J. L. Fuh
Affiliation:
Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Medical College and Department of Psychiatry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan: Bureau of Public Health and Environment Protection, Kinmen, ROC; Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington and Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, National Institute on Aging, Honolulu; Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
H. C. Lin
Affiliation:
Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Medical College and Department of Psychiatry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan: Bureau of Public Health and Environment Protection, Kinmen, ROC; Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington and Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, National Institute on Aging, Honolulu; Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
C. Y. Liu
Affiliation:
Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Medical College and Department of Psychiatry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan: Bureau of Public Health and Environment Protection, Kinmen, ROC; Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington and Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, National Institute on Aging, Honolulu; Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
G. S. Wu
Affiliation:
Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Medical College and Department of Psychiatry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan: Bureau of Public Health and Environment Protection, Kinmen, ROC; Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington and Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, National Institute on Aging, Honolulu; Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
E. B. Larson
Affiliation:
Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Medical College and Department of Psychiatry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan: Bureau of Public Health and Environment Protection, Kinmen, ROC; Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington and Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, National Institute on Aging, Honolulu; Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
L. R. White
Affiliation:
Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Medical College and Department of Psychiatry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan: Bureau of Public Health and Environment Protection, Kinmen, ROC; Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington and Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, National Institute on Aging, Honolulu; Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
A. B. Graves
Affiliation:
Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Medical College and Department of Psychiatry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan: Bureau of Public Health and Environment Protection, Kinmen, ROC; Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington and Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, National Institute on Aging, Honolulu; Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
E. L. Teng
Affiliation:
Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Medical College and Department of Psychiatry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan: Bureau of Public Health and Environment Protection, Kinmen, ROC; Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington and Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, National Institute on Aging, Honolulu; Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr Hsiu-Chih Liu. The Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Synopsis

A community survey of dementia was conducted on a Chinese islet. A total of 221 men and 234 women in the age range of 50–92 were assessed. The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), a 100-point cognitive test designed for cross-cultural studies and adapted in Chinese for individuals with little or no formal education, was administered twice by trained field workers with a retest interval of 3 to 4 weeks. In addition, all participants were assessed by physicians who did not know the CASI scores. The physicians' assessment included a complete neurological examination, plus semi-structured tests and interviews covering cognitive abilities, daily activities, depression, cerebrovascular disease, and Parkinson's disease. Dementia was diagnosed by consensus among the physicians according to the DSM-III-R criteria. Among the 455 participants, 16 cases of dementia were identified, including 13 with probable Alzheimer's disease and 1 each with vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease, and alcoholism. The rates of dementia were 0, 3·9 and 11·5% for the age groups of 50–69, 70–79 and 80–92; and 4·4, 2·0 and 0% for the education groups of 0–1, 2–6 and 7–15 years of schooling. No sex difference was found after controlling for education. The Chinese version of the CASI had an intraclass retest reliability of 0·90. Using a cut-off score of ≤ 50 for dementia, the sensitivity was 0·88 and the specificity was 0·94. The preliminary study suggests that the CASI can be used in Chinese populations with generally low education levels and that Alzheimer's disease was the most common type of dementia in this population.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , August 1994 , pp. 763 - 770
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

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