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Association between symptoms of sleep apnea and problem behaviors in young adult twins and siblings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2020

Juan J. Madrid-Valero Open the ORCID record for Juan J. Madrid-Valero [Opens in a new window] ,
Nicola L. Barclay ,
Richard Rowe ,
Rotem Perach ,
Daniel J. Buysse ,
Juan R. Ordoñana ,
Thalia C. Eley  and
Alice M. Gregory
Juan J. Madrid-Valero*
Affiliation:
Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain Murcia Institute of Biomedical Research, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
Nicola L. Barclay
Affiliation:
Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Richard Rowe
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Rotem Perach
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
Daniel J. Buysse
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Juan R. Ordoñana
Affiliation:
Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain Murcia Institute of Biomedical Research, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
Thalia C. Eley
Affiliation:
King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK
Alice M. Gregory*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
*
Author for correspondence: Alice M. Gregory, E-mail: a.gregory@gold.ac.uk and Juan J Madrid-Valero, E-mail: juanjose.madrid1@um.es
Author for correspondence: Alice M. Gregory, E-mail: a.gregory@gold.ac.uk and Juan J Madrid-Valero, E-mail: juanjose.madrid1@um.es
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Abstract

Background

Sleep apnea is one of the most common sleep disorders and it is related to multiple negative health consequences. Previous studies have shown that sleep apnea is influenced by genetic factors. However, studies have not investigated the genetic and environmental influences of symptoms of sleep apnea in young adults. Furthermore, the underpinnings of the relationship between apnea symptoms and internalizing/externalizing problems are unknown. The objectives of this study were to estimate the magnitude of: (1) genetic and environmental influences on self-reported apnea symptoms; (2) the relationship between self-reported apnea symptoms and internalizing/externalizing traits; (3) genetic and environmental influences on the associations between self-reported apnea symptoms, internalizing behaviors and externalizing behaviors.

Methods

In a twin/sibling study, univariate and multivariate models were fitted to estimate both individual variance and sources of covariance between symptoms of sleep apnea and internalizing/externalizing behaviors.

Results

Our results show that genetic influences account for 40% of the variance in sleep apnea symptoms. Moreover, there are modest associations between depression, anxiety and externalizing behaviors with apnea symptoms (ranging from r = 0.22–0.29). However, the origins of these associations differ. For example, whereas most of the covariation between symptoms of depression and sleep apnea can be explained by genes (95%), there was a larger role for the environment (53%) in the association between symptoms of anxiety and sleep apnea.

Conclusions

Genetic factors explain a significant proportion of variance in symptoms of apnea and most of the covariance with depression.

Keywords

Apnea symptomsbehavioral symptomsemotional difficultiesgeneticsrespiration disorder
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 51 , Issue 7 , May 2021 , pp. 1175 - 1182
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

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